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Samuel Johnson [1778], The plays of William Shakspeare. In ten volumes. With the corrections and illustrations of various commentators; to which are added notes by Samuel Johnson and George Steevens. The second edition, Revised and Augmented (Printed for C. Bathurst [and] W. Strahan [etc.], London) [word count] [S10901].
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ACT II. SCENE I. The forest of Arden. Enter Duke senior, Amiens, and two or three lords like foresters.

Duke Sen.
Now, my co-mates, and brothers in exile,
Hath not old custom made this life more sweet
Than that of painted pomp? Are not these woods
More free from peril than the envious court?
Here feel we but the penalty4 note of Adam,
The seasons' difference; as, the icy fang,
And churlish chiding of the winter's wind;
Which when it bites and blows upon my body,
Even 'till I shrink with cold, I smile, and say,—
This is no flattery: these are counsellors
That feelingly persuade me what I am.
Sweet are the uses of adversity;
Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous,
Wears yet a precious jewel in his head5 note





:

-- 289 --


And this our life, exempt from publick haunt,
Finds tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and good in every thing.

Ami.
I would not change it6 note: Happy is your grace,
That can translate the stubbornness of fortune
Into so quiet and so sweet a stile.

Duke Sen.
Come, shall we go and kill us venison?
And yet it irks me, the poor dappled fools,
Being native burghers of this desert city7 note

9Q0356,
Should, in their own confines, with forked heads8 note
Have their round haunches gor'd.

1 Lord.
Indeed, my lord,
The melancholy Jaques grieves at that;
And, in that kind, swears you do more usurp
Than doth your brother that hath banish'd you.
To-day my lord of Amiens, and myself,

-- 290 --


Did steal behind him, as he lay along9 note




Under an oak, whose antique root peeps out
Upon the brook that brawls along this wood:
To the which place a poor sequestred stag,
That from the hunters' aim had ta'en a hurt,
Did come to languish; and, indeed, my lord,
The wretched animal heav'd forth such groans,
That their discharge did stretch his leathern coat
Almost to bursting; and the big round tears1 note
Cours'd one another down his innocent nose
In piteous chase: and thus the hairy fool,
Much marked of the melancholy Jaques,
Stood on the extreamest verge of the swift brook,
Augmenting it with tears.

Duke Sen.
But what said Jaques?
Did he not moralize this spectacle?

1 Lord.
O, yes, into a thousand similies.
First, for his weeping in the needless stream;
Poor deer, quoth he, thou mak'st a testament
As worldlings do, giving thy sum of more
To that which had too much2 note






: Then, being alone,

-- 291 --


Left and abandon'd of his velvet friends;
'Tis right, quoth he; thus misery doth part
The flux of company: Anon, a careless herd,
Full of the pasture, jumps along by him,
And never stays to greet him; Ay, quoth Jaques,
Sweep on, you fat and greasy citizens;
'Tis just the fashion: Wherefore do you look
Upon that poor and broken bankrupt there?
Thus most invectively he pierceth through
The body of the country, city, court,
Yea, and of this our life: swearing, that we
Are mere usurpers, tyrants, and what's worse,
To fright the animals, and to kill them up,
In their assign'd and native dwelling place.

Duke Sen.
And did you leave him in this contemplation?

2 Lord.
We did, my lord, weeping and commenting
Upon the sobbing deer.

Duke Sen.
Show me the place;
I love to cope him3 note in these sullen fits.
For then he's full of matter.

2 Lord.
I'll bring you to him straight.
[Exeunt. SCENE II. The Palace. Enter Duke Frederick with Lords.

Duke.
Can it be possible, that no man saw them?
It cannot be: some villains of my court
Are of consent and sufferance in this.

1 Lord.
I cannot hear of any that did see her.
The ladies, her attendants of her chamber,

-- 292 --


Saw her a-bed; and, in the morning early,
They found the bed untreasur'd of their mistress.

2 Lord.
My lord, the roynish clown4 note


, at whom so oft
Your grace was wont to laugh, is also missing.
Hesperia, the princess' gentlewoman,
Confesses, that she secretly o'er-heard
Your daughter and her cousin much commend
The parts and graces of the wrestler
That did but lately foil the sinewy Charles;
And she believes, wherever they are gone,
That youth is surely in their company.

Duke.
Send to his brother; fetch that gallant hither;
If he be absent, bring his brother to me,
I'll make him find him: do this suddenly;
And let not search and inquisition quail5 note


To bring again these foolish runaways.
[Exeunt.

-- 293 --

SCENE III. Oliver's House. Enter Orlando and Adam.

Orla.
Who's there?

Adam.
What! my young master?—Oh, my gentle master,
Oh, my sweet master, 6 note







O you memory
Of old sir Rowland! why, what make you here?
Why are you virtuous? Why do people love you?
And wherefore are you gentle, strong, and valiant?
Why would you be so fond to overcome
The bony7 note




priser of the humorous duke?
Your praise is come too swiftly home before you.
Know you not, master, to some kind of men

-- 294 --


Their graces serve them but as enemies?
No more do yours; your virtues, gentle master,
Are sanctified and holy traitors to you.
Oh, what a world is this, when what is comely
Envenoms him that bears it!

Orla.
Why, what's the matter?

Adam.
O unhappy youth,
Come not within these doors; within this roof
The enemy of all your graces lives:
Your brother—(no, no brother; yet the son—
Yet not the son;—I will not call him son—
Of him I was about to call his father)
Hath heard your praises; and this night he means
To burn the lodging where you use to lie,
And you within it: if he fail of that,
He will have other means to cut you off:
I overheard him, and his practices.
This is no place8 note, this house is but a butchery;
Abhor it, fear it, do not enter it.

Orla.
Why, whither, Adam, wouldst thou have me go?

Adam.
No matter whither, so you come not here.

Orla.
What, wouldst thou have me go and beg my food?
Or, with a base and boisterous sword, enforce
A thievish living on the common road?
This I must do, or know not what to do:
Yet this I will not do, do how I can;
I rather will subject me to the malice
Of a diverted blood9 note, and bloody brother.

Adam.
But do not so: I have five hundred crowns,

-- 295 --


The thrifty hire I sav'd under your father,
Which I did store, to be my foster-nurse,
When service should in my old limbs lie lame,
And unregarded age in corners thrown;
Take that: and He that doth the ravens feed,
Yea, providently caters for the sparrow,
Be comfort to my age! Here is the gold;
All this I give you: Let me be your servant;
Though I look old, yet I am strong and lusty:
For in my youth I never did apply
Hot and rebellious liquors in my blood;
Nor did not with unbashful forehead woo
The means of weakness and debility;
Therefore my age is as a lusty winter,
Frosty, but kindly: let me go with you;
I'll do the service of a younger man
In all your business and necessities.

Orla.
Oh good old man; how well in thee appears
The constant service of the antique world,
When service sweat for duty, not for meed!
Thou art not for the fashion of these times,
Where none will sweat, but for promotion;
And having that, do choak their service up
Even with the having1 note: it is not so with thee.
But, poor old man, thou prun'st a rotten tree,
That cannot so much as a blossom yield,
In lieu of all thy pains and husbandry:
But come thy ways, we'll go along together;
And ere we have thy youthful wages spent,
We'll light upon some settled low content.

Adam.
Master, go on; and I will follow thee,
To the last gasp, with truth and loyalty.—
From seventeen years 'till now almost fourscore
Here lived I, but now live here no more.

-- 296 --


At seventeen years many their fortunes seek;
But at fourscore, it is too late a week:
Yet fortune cannot recompence me better,
Than to die well, and not my master's debtor. [Exeunt. SCENE IV. The forest of Arden. Enter Rosalind in boy's cloaths for Ganimed; Celia drest like a shepherdess for Aliena, and Touchstone the Clown.

Ros.
O Jupiter! how weary are my spirits2 note!

Clo.

I care not for my spirits, if my legs were not weary.

Ros.

I could find in my heart to disgrace my man's apparel, and cry like a woman: but I must comfort the weaker vessel, as doublet and hose ought to show itself courageous to petticoat; therefore, courage, good Aliena.

Cel.

I pray you, bear with me; I can go no further.

Clo.

For my part, I had rather bear with you, than bear you3 note
: 4 noteyet I should bear no cross, if I did bear
you; for, I think you have no money in your purse.

Ros.

Well, this is the forest of Arden.

-- 297 --

Clo.

Ay, now am I in Arden: the more fool I; when I was at home, I was in a better place; but travellers must be content.

Ros.

Ay, be so, good Touchstone:—Look you, who comes here; a young man, and an old, in solemn talk.

Enter Corin and Silvius,

Cor.
That is the way to make her scorn you still.

Sil.
O Corin, that thou knew'st how I do love her!

Cor.
I partly guess; for I have lov'd ere now.

Sil.
No, Corin, being old, thou canst not guess;
Though in thy youth thou wast as true a lover,
As ever sigh'd upon a midnight pillow:
But if thy love were ever like to mine,
(As sure I think did never man love so)
How many actions most ridiculous
Hast thou been drawn to by thy fantasy?

Cor.
Into a thousand that I have forgotten.

Sil.
O, thou didst then ne'er love so heartily:
If thou remember'st not the slightest folly4 note








That ever love did make thee run into,
Thou hast not lov'd:
Or if thou hast not sat as I do now,
Wearying thy hearer in thy mistress' praise,
Thou hast not lov'd;
Or if thou hast not broke from company,
Abruptly, as my passion now makes me,

-- 298 --


Thou hast not lov'd:—Oh Phebe, Phebe, Phebe! [Exit Silvius.

Ros.
Alas, poor shepherd! searching of thy wound,
I have by hard adventure found mine own.

Clo.

And I mine: I remember, when I was in love, I broke my sword upon a stone, and bid him take that for coming o'nights to Jane Smile: and I remember the kissing of her batlet6 note, and the cow's dugs that her pretty chop'd hands had milk'd: and I remember the wooing of a peascod instead of her; from whom I took two7 note




cods, and, giving her them again, said with weeping tears8 note, Wear these for my sake. We, that are true lovers, run into strange capers; but as all is mortal in nature, so is all nature in love mortal in folly9 note.

-- 299 --

Ros.

Thou speak'st wiser, than thou art 'ware of.

Clo.

Nay, I shall ne'er be aware of mine own wit, 'till I break my shins against it.

Ros.

Jove! Jove! this shepherd's passion is much upon my fashion.

Clo.
And mine; but it grows something stale with me.

Cel.
I pray you, one of you question yon man,
If he for gold will give us any food;
I faint almost to death.

Clo.
Holla; you, clown!

Ros.
Peace, fool; he's not thy kinsman.

Cor.
Who calls?

Clo.
Your betters, sir.

Cor.
Else they are very wretched.

Ros.
Peace, I say:—Good even to you, friend.

Cor.
And to you, gentle sir, and to you all.

Ros.
I pr'ythee, shepherd, if that love, or gold,
Can in this desert place buy entertainment,
Bring us where we may rest ourselves, and feed:
Here's a young maid with travel much oppress'd,
And faints for succour.

Cor.
Fair sir, I pity her,
And wish for her sake, more than for mine own,
My fortunes were more able to relieve her:
But I am shepherd to another man,
And do not sheer the fleeces that I graze;
My master is of churlish disposition,
And little recks to find the way to heaven
By doing deeds of hospitality:
Besides, his cote, his flocks, and bounds of feed
Are now on sale, and at our sheep-cote now,
By reason of his absence, there is nothing
That you will feed on; but what is, come see,

-- 300 --


And in my voice most welcome shall you be1 note.

Ros.
What is he, that shall buy his flock and pasture?

Cor.
That young swain, that you saw here but erewhile,
That little cares for buying any thing.

Ros.
I pray thee, if it stand with honesty,
Buy thou the cottage, pasture, and the flock,
And thou shalt have to pay for it of us.

Cel.
And we will mend thy wages: I like this place,
And willingly could waste my time in it.

Cor.
Assuredly, the thing is to be sold:
Go with me; if you like, upon report,
The soil, the profit, and this kind of life,
I will your very faithful feeder be,
And buy it with your gold right suddenly.
[Exeunt. SCENE V. Enter Amiens, Jaques, and others.
SONG. Ami.
Under the greenwood tree,
Who loves to lie with me,
And tune his merry note
Unto the sweet bird's throat,
Come hither, come hither, come hither;
  Here shall be see
  No enemy,
But winter and rough weather.

Jaq.
More, more, I pr'ythee, more.

Ami.

It will make you melancholy, monsieur Jaques.

-- 301 --

Jaq.

I thank it. More, I pr'ythee, more. I can suck melancholy out of a song, as a weazel sucks eggs: More, I pr'ythee, more.

Ami.

My voice is rugged2 note; I know, I cannot please you.

Jaq.

I do not desire you to please me, I do desire you to sing: Come, more; another stanza; Call you 'em stanzas?

Ami.

What you will, monsieur Jaques.

Jaq.

Nay, I care not for their names; they owe me nothing: Will you sing?

Ami.

More at your request, than to please myself.

Jaq.

Well then, if ever I thank any man, I'll thank you: but that they call compliment, is like the encounter of two dog-apes; and when a man thanks me heartily, methinks, I have given him a penny, and he renders me the beggarly thanks. Come, sing; and you that will not, hold your tongues.

Ami.

Well, I'll end the song.—Sirs, cover the while; the duke will drink under this tree:—he hath been all this day to look you.

Jaq.

And I have been all this day to avoid him. He is too disputable for my company: I think of as many matters as he; but I give heaven thanks, and make no boast of them. Come, warble, come.


SONG.
  Who doth ambition shun, [all together here]
  And loves to live3 note

i' the fun,
  Seeking the food he eats,
  And pleas'd with what he gets,
Come hither, come hither, come hither;

-- 302 --


  Here shall he see
  No enemy,
But winter and rough weather.

Jaq.

I'll give you a verse to this note, that I made yesterday in despight of my invention.

Ami.
And I'll sing it.

Jaq.
Thus it goes:


  If it do come to pass,
  That any man turn ass,
  Leaving his wealth and ease,
  A stubborn will to please,
Duc ad me, duc ad me, duc ad me4 note






;
    Here shall he see
    Gross fools as he,
An if he will come to me.

Ami.
What's that, duc ad me?

Jaq.

'Tis a Greek invocation, to call fools into a

-- 303 --

circle. I'll go sleep if I can; if I cannot, I'll rail against all the first-born of Egypt5 note.

Ami.

And I'll go seek the duke; his banquet is prepar'd.

[Exeunt severally. SCENE VI. Enter Orlando and Adam.

Adam.

Dear master, I can go no further: O, I die for food! Here lie I down, and measure out my grave. Farewel, kind master.

Orla.

Why, how now, Adam! no greater heart in thee? Live a little; comfort a little; cheer thyself a little: If this uncouth forest yield any thing savage, I will either be food for it, or bring it for food to thee. Thy conceit is nearer death than thy powers. For my sake be comfortable; hold death a while at the arm's end: I will be here with thee presently; and if I bring thee not something to eat, I'll give thee leave to die: but if thou diest before I come, thou art a mocker of my labour. Well said! thou look'st cheerly: and I'll be with thee quickly. Yet thou liest in the bleak air: Come, I will bear thee to some shelter; and thou shalt not die for lack of a dinner, if there live any thing in this desert. Cheerly, good Adam!

[Exeunt. SCENE VII. Another part of the forest. Enter Duke Senior and lords. [A table set out.

Duke Sen.
I think he is transform'd into a beast;
For I can no where find him like a man.

-- 304 --

1 Lord.
My lord, he is but even now gone hence;
Here was he merry, hearing of a song.

Duke Sen.
If he, compact of jars6 note




, grow musical,
We shall have shortly discord in the spheres:—
Go, seek him; tell him, I would speak with him. Enter Jaques.

1 Lord.
He saves my labour by his own approach.

Duke Sen.
Why, how now, monsieur! what a life is this,
That your poor friends must woo your company?
What! you look merrily.

Jaq.
A fool, a fool!—I met a fool i' the forest,
A motley fool,—a miserable world7 note


!—
As I do live by food, I met a fool;
Who laid him down, and bask'd him in the sun,
And rail'd on lady Fortune in good terms,
In good set terms,—and yet a motley fool.
Good-morrow, fool, quoth I: No, sir, quoth he,
Call me not fool, till heaven hath sent me fortune:

-- 305 --


And then he drew a dial from his poke;
And looking on it with lack-lustre eye,
Says, very wisely, It is ten a-clock:
Thus may we see, quoth he, how the world wags:
'Tis but an hour ago, since it was nine;
And after one hour more, 'twill be eleven;
And so, from hour to hour, we ripe, and ripe,
And then, from hour to hour, we rot, and rot,
And thereby hangs a tale. When I did hear
The motley fool thus moral on the time,
My lungs began to crow like chanticleer,
That fools should be so deep contemplative;
And I did laugh, sans intermission,
An hour by his dial.—O noble fool!
A worthy fool! Motley's the only wear8 note





.

Duke Sen.
What fool is this?

Jaq.
O worthy fool!—One that hath been a courtier;
And says, if ladies be but young, and fair,
They have the gift to know it: and in his brain,—
Which is as dry as the remainder bisket
After a voyage,—he hath strange places cramm'd
With observation, the which he vents
In mangled forms:—O, that I were a fool!
I am ambitious for a motley coat.

Duke Sen.
Thou shalt have one.

-- 306 --

Jaq.
It is my only suit9 note

;
Provided, that you weed your better judgments
Of all opinion that grows rank in them,
That I am wise. I must have liberty
Withal, as large a charter as the wind,
To blow on whom I please; for so fools have:
And they that are most gauled with my folly,
They most must laugh: And why, sir, must they so?
The why is plain as way to parish church:
1 note

He, that a fool doth very wisely hit,
Doth very foolishly, although he smart,
Not to seem senseless of the bob: if not2 note,
The wise man's folly is anatomiz'd
Even by the squandring glances of the fool.
Invest me in my motley; give me leave
To speak my mind, and I will through and through
Cleanse the foul body of the infected world,
If they will patiently receive my medicine.

Duke Sen.
Fie on thee! I can tell what thou wouldst do.

Jaq.
What, for a counter, would I do, but good?

Duke Sen.
Most mischievous foul sin, in chiding sin:

-- 307 --


For thou thyself hast been a libertine,
As sensual as the brutish sting itself3 note





;
And all the embossed sores, and headed evils,
That thou with licence of free foot hast caught,
Wouldst thou disgorge into the general world.

Jaq.
Why, who cries out on pride,
That can therein tax any private party?
Doth it not flow as hugely as the sea,
'Till that the very very 9Q0359 means do ebb?
What woman in the city do I name,
When that I say, The city-woman bears
The cost of princes on unworthy shoulders?
Who can come in, and say, that I mean her,
When such a one as she, such is her neighbour?
Or what is he of basest function,
That says, his bravery is not on my cost,
(Thinking that I mean him) but therein suits
His folly to the metal of my speech?
There then; How then? What then? Let me see wherein
My tongue hath wrong'd him: if it do him right,
Then he hath wrong'd himself; if he be free,
Why then, my taxing like a wild goose flies,
Unclaim'd of any man.—But who comes here?
Enter Orlando, with his sword drawn.

Orla.
Forbear, and eat no more.

Jaq.
Why, I have eat none yet.

-- 308 --

Orla.
Nor shalt not, 'till necessity be serv'd.

Jaq.
Of what kind should this cock come of?

Duke Sen.
Art thou thus bolden'd, man, by thy distress;
Or else a rude despiser of good manners,
That in civility thou seem'st so empty?

Orla.
You touch'd my vein at first; the thorny point4 note


Of bare distress hath ta'en from me the shew
Of smooth civility: yet am I in-land bred,
And know some nurture5 note
: But forbear, I say;
He dies, that touches any of this fruit,
'Till I and my affairs are answered.

Jaq.
An you will not
Be answered with reason, I must die.

Duke Sen.
What would you have? Your gentleness shall force,
More than your force move us to gentleness.

Orla.
I almost die for food, and let me have it.

Duke Sen.
Sit down and feed, and welcome to our table.

Orla.
Speak you so gently? Pardon me, I pray you;
I thought, that all things had been savage here;
And therefore put I on the countenance
Of stern commandment: But whate'er you are,
That in this desert inaccessible,
Under the shade of melancholy boughs,
Lose and neglect the creeping hours of time;
If ever you have look'd on better days;

-- 309 --


If ever been where bells have knoll'd to church;
If ever sat at any good man's feast;
If ever from your eye-lids wip'd a tear,
And know what 'tis to pity, and be pitied;
Let gentleness my strong enforcement be:
In the which hope, I blush, and hide my sword.

Duke Sen.
True is it, that we have seen better days;
And have with holy bell been knoll'd to church;
And sat at good men's feasts; and wip'd our eyes
Of drops that sacred pity hath engender'd:
And therefore sit you down in gentleness,
And take upon command what help we have6 note


That to your wanting may be ministred.

Orla.
Then but forbear your food a little while,
Whiles, like a doe, I go to find my fawn,
And give it food. There is an old poor man,
Who after me hath many a weary step
Limp'd in pure love; 'till he be first suffic'd,—
Oppress'd with two weak evils, age, and hunger,—
I will not touch a bit.

Duke Sen.
Go find him out,
And we will nothing waste till you return.

Orla.
I thank ye; and be bless'd for your good comfort!
[Exit.

Duke Sen.
Thou seest, we are not all alone unhappy:
This wide and universal theatre
Presents more woful pageants than the scene
Wherein we play in7 note
.

Jaq.
All the world's a stage,
And all the men and women merely players:

-- 310 --


They have their exits, and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,
His acts being seven ages8 note. At first, the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms:
And then, the whining school-boy, with his satchel,
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school: And then, the lover;
Sighing like furnace, with a woful ballad
Made to his mistress' eye-brow: Then, a soldier;
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon's mouth: And then, the justice;
In fair round belly, with good capon lin'd,
With eyes severe, and beard of formal cut,9Q0361
Full of wise saws and modern instances9 note



,
And so he plays his part: The sixth age shifts1 note

-- 311 --


Into the lean and slipper'd pantaloon;
With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side;
His youthful hose well sav'd, a world too wide
For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
And whistles in his sound: Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness, and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans every thing. Re-enter Orlando, with Adam.

Duke Sen.
Welcome: Set down your venerable burden2 note

,
And let him feed.

Orla.
I thank you most for him.

Adam.
So had you need,
I scarce can speak to thank you for myself.

Duke Sen.
Welcome, fall to: I will not trouble you
As yet, to question you about your fortunes:—
Give us some musick; and, good cousin, sing.

Amiens sings. SONG.
Blow, blow, thou winter wind,
Thou art not so unkind 9Q0362
  As man's ingratitude;

-- 312 --


Thy tooth is not so keen3 note









,
Because thou art not seen,
  Although thy breath be rude.

-- 313 --


Heigh ho! sing, heigh ho! unto the green holly:
Most friendship is feigning, most loving mere folly:
  Then, heigh ho, the holly!
  This life is most jolly.

Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky,
That dost not bite so nigh
  As benefits forgot:
  4 note


Though thou the waters warp,
Thy sting is not so sharp
  As friend remember'd not.
Heigh ho! sing, &c.

Duke Sen.
If that you were the good sir Rowland's son,—

-- 314 --


As you have whispered faithfully, you were;
And as mine eye doth his effigies witness
Most truly limn'd, and living in your face,—
Be truly welcome hither: I am the duke,
That lov'd your father: The residue of your fortune,
Go to my cave and tell me.—Good old man,
Thou art right welcome, as thy master is:—
Support him by the arm.—Give me your hand,
And let me all your fortunes understand. [Exeunt.
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Samuel Johnson [1778], The plays of William Shakspeare. In ten volumes. With the corrections and illustrations of various commentators; to which are added notes by Samuel Johnson and George Steevens. The second edition, Revised and Augmented (Printed for C. Bathurst [and] W. Strahan [etc.], London) [word count] [S10901].
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