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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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SCENE III. Before the Castle. Enter Desdemona, Cassio, and Emilia.

Des.
Be thou assur'd, good Cassio, I will do
All my abilities in thy behalf.

Emil.
Good madam, do; I know it grieves my husband,
As if the case were his6 note.

Des.
O, that's an honest fellow.—Do not doubt, Cassio,
But I will have my lord and you again
As friendly as you were.

Cas.
Bounteous madam,
Whatever shall become of Michael Cassio,
He's never any thing but your true servant.

Des.
O, sir, I thank you7 note: You do love my lord:
You have known him long; and be you well assur'd,
He shall in strangeness stand no further off
Than in a politick distance.

Cas.
Ay, but, lady,
That policy may either last so long8 note,
Or feed upon such nice and waterish diet,
Or breed itself so out of circumstance,
That, I being absent, and my place supplied,
My general will forget my love and service.

-- 346 --

Des.
Do not doubt that; before Emilia here,
I give thee warrant of thy place: assure thee,
If I do vow a friendship, I'll perform it
To the last article: my lord shall never rest;
I'll watch him tame9 note





, and talk him out of patience;
His bed shall seem a school, his board a shrift;
I'll intermingle every thing he does
With Cassio's suit: Therefore be merry, Cassio;
For thy solicitor shall rather die,
Than give thy cause away. Enter Othello and Iago, at a distance.

Emil.
Madam, here comes
My lord.

Cas.
Madam, I'll take my leave.

Des.
Why, stay,
And hear me speak.

Cas.
Madam, not now: I am very ill at ease,
Unfit for mine own purposes.

Des.
Well, well1 note,
Do your discretion.
[Exit Cassio.

-- 347 --

Iago.
Ha! I like not that.

Oth.
What dost thou say?

Iago.
Nothing, my lord: or if—I know not what.

Oth.
Was not that Cassio, parted from my wife?

Iago.
Cassio, my lord? No, sure, I cannot think it,
That he would steal away so guilty-like,
Seeing you coming.

Oth.
I do believe 'twas he.

Des.
How now, my lord?
I have been talking with a suitor here,
A man that languishes in your displeasure.

Oth.
Who is't you mean?

Des.
Why, your lieutenant Cassio. Good my lord,
If I have any grace, or power to move you,
His present reconciliation take2 note

;
For, if he be not one that truly loves you,
That errs in ignorance, and not in cunning3 note

,
I have no judgment in an honest face:
I pr'ythee, call him back.

Oth.
Went he hence now?

Des.
Ay, sooth; so humbled,
That he hath left part of his grief with me;
I suffer with him4 note. Good love, call him back.

-- 348 --

Oth.
Not now, sweet Desdemona; some other time.

Des.
But shall't be shortly?

Oth.
The sooner, sweet, for you.

Des.
Shall't be to-night at supper?

Oth.
No, not to-night.

Des.
To-morrow dinner then?

Oth.
I shall not dine at home;
I meet the captains at the citadel.

Des.
Why then, to-morrow night; or Tuesday morn;
Or Tuesday noon, or night; or Wednesday morn;—
I pray thee, name the time; but let it not
Exceed three days: in faith, he's penitent;
And yet his trespass, in our common reason,
(Save that, they say, the wars must make examples
Out of their best5 note

,) is not almost a fault
To incur a private check: When shall he come?
Tell me, Othello. I wonder in my soul,
What you could ask me, that I should deny,
Or stand so mammering on6 note




. What! Michael Cassio,

-- 349 --


That came a wooing with you7 note

; and so many a time8 note,
When I have spoke of you dispraisingly,
Hath ta'en your part; to have so much to do
To bring him in! Trust me, I could do much,—

Oth.
Pr'ythee, no more: let him come when he will;
I will deny thee nothing.

Des.
Why, this is not a boon;
'Tis as I should entreat you wear your gloves,
Or feed on nourishing dishes, or keep you warm;
Or sue to you to do peculiar profit
To your own person: Nay, when I have a suit,
Wherein I mean to touch your love indeed,
It shall be full of poize9 note



and difficulty,

-- 350 --


And fearful to be granted.

Oth.
I will deny thee nothing:
Whereon, I do beseech thee, grant me this,
To leave me but a little to myself.

Des.
Shall I deny you? no: Farewell, my lord.

Oth.
Farewell, my Desdemona: I will come to thee straight.

Des.
Emilia, come:—Be it as your fancies teach you;
Whate'er you be, I am obedient.
[Exit, with Emilia.

Oth.
Excellent wretch! Perdition catch my soul,
But I do love thee1 note


! and when I love thee not,
Chaos is come again2 note















.

-- 351 --

Iago.
My noble lord,—

Oth.
What dost thou say, Iago?

Iago.
Did Michael Cassio, when you woo'd my lady,
Know of your love?

Oth.
He did, from first to last: Why dost thou ask?

Iago.
But for a satisfaction of my thought;
No further harm.

Oth.
Why of thy thought, Iago?

Iago.
I did not think, he had been acquainted with her.

Oth.
O, yes; and went between us very oft.

Iago.
Indeed?

-- 352 --

Oth.
Indeed! ay, indeed:—Discern'st thou aught in that4 note



?
Is he not honest?

Iago.
Honest, my lord?

Oth.
Honest? aye, honest5 note


.

Iago.
My lord, for aught I know.

Oth.
What dost thou think?

Iago.
Think, my lord?

Oth.
Think, my lord!
By heaven, he echoes me,
As if there were some monster in his thought
Too hideous to be shown6 note





.—Thou dost mean something:
I heard thee say but now,—Thou lik'dst not that,
When Cassio left my wife; What did'st not like?
And, when I told thee—he was of my counsel

-- 353 --


In my whole course of wooing, thou cry'dst, Indeed?
And did'st contract and purse thy brow together,
As if thou then had'st shut up in thy brain
Some horrible conceit* note: If thou dost love me,
Show me thy thought.

Iago.
My lord, you know I love you.

Oth.
I think, thou dost;
And,—for I know thou art full of love and honesty,
And weigh'st thy words before thou giv'st them breath,—
Therefore these stops of thine fright me the more:
For such things, in a false disloyal knave,
Are tricks of custom; but, in a man that's just,
They are close denotements, working from the heart,
That passion cannot rule7 note



.

-- 354 --

Iago.
For Michael Cassio,
I dare be sworn* note, I think that he is honest.

Oth.
I think so too.

Iago.
Men should be what they seem;
Or, those that be not, 'would they might seem none8 note

!

-- 355 --

Oth.
Certain, men should be what they seem.

Iago.
Why, then, I think Cassio's9 note




an honest man.

Oth.
Nay, yet there's more in this:
I pray thee, speak to me as to thy thinkings,
As thou dost ruminate; and give thy worst of thoughts
The worst of words.

Iago.
Good my lord, pardon me;
Though I am bound to every act of duty,
I am not bound to that all slaves are free to1 note




.
Utter my thoughts? Why, say, they are vile and false,—
As where's that palace, whereinto foul things
Sometimes intrude not2 note


? who has a breast so pure,
But some uncleanly apprehensions
Keep leets, and law-days, and in session sit
With meditations lawful3 note




?

-- 356 --

Oth.
Thou dost conspire against thy friend, Iago,
If thou but think'st him wrong'd, and mak'st his ear
A stranger to thy thoughts.

Iago.
I do beseech you,—
Though I, perchance, am vicious in my guess4 note








,

-- 357 --


As, I confess, it is my nature's plague
To spy into abuses; and, oft, my jealousy
Shapes faults that are not,—I entreat you then5 note







,

-- 358 --


From one that so imperfectly conjects,
You'd take no notice; nor build yourself a trouble
Out of his scattering and unsure observance:—
It were not for your quiet, nor your good,
Nor for my manhood, honesty, or wisdom,
To let you know my thoughts.

Oth.
What dost thou mean?

Iago.
Good name, in man, and woman, dear my lord,
Is the immediate jewel of their souls* note:
Who steals my purse, steals trash; 'tis something, nothing5 note

;
'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands6 note







;
But he, that filches from me my good name,
Robs me of that, which not enriches him,
And makes me poor indeed.

Oth.
By heaven, I'll know thy thought.

-- 359 --

Iago.
You cannot, if my heart were in your hand;
Nor shall not, whilst 'tis in my custody.

Oth.
Ha* note!

Iago.
O, beware, my lord, of jealousy;
It is the green-ey'd monster, which doth make
The meat it feeds on7 note







































: That cuckold lives in bliss,

-- 360 --


Who, certain of his fate, loves not his wronger;
But, O, what damned minutes tells he o'er,

-- 361 --


Who dotes, yet doubts; suspects, yet strongly loves8 note!

-- 362 --

Oth.
O misery!

Iago.
Poor, and content, is rich, and rich enough9 note



;

-- 363 --


But riches, fineless1 note, is as poor as winter2 note,
To him that ever fears he shall be poor:—

-- 364 --


Good heaven, the souls of all my tribe defend
From jealousy!

Oth.
Why? why is this?
Think'st thou, I'd make a life of jealousy,
To follow still the changes of the moon
With fresh suspicions? No: to be once in doubt,
Is—once to be resolv'd: Exchange me for a goat,
When I shall turn the business of my soul
To such exsufflicate and blown surmises3 note

,

-- 365 --


Matching thy inference4 note


. 'Tis not to make me jealous,
To say—my wife is fair, feeds well, loves company,
Is free of speech, sings, plays, and dances well;
Where virtue is, these are more virtuous5 note

:
Nor from mine own weak merits will I draw
The smallest fear, or doubt of her revolt;

-- 366 --


For she had eyes, and chose me: No, Iago;
I'll see, before I doubt; when I doubt, prove;
And, on the proof, there is no more but this,—
Away at once with love, or jealousy.

Iago.
I am glad of this; for now I shall have reason
To show the love and duty that I bear you
With franker spirit: therefore, as I am bound,
Receive it from me:—I speak not yet of proof.
Look to your wife; observe her well with Cassio;
Wear your eye—thus, not jealous, nor secure:
I would not have your free and noble nature,
Out of self-bounty, be abus'd6 note; look to't:
I know our country disposition well;
In Venice7 note

they do let heaven see the pranks
They dare not show their husbands; their best conscience
Is—not to leave undone, but keep unknown8 note


.

Oth.
Dost thou say so?

Iago.
She did deceive her father, marrying you;
And, when she seem'd9 note

to shake, and fear your looks,
She lov'd them most.

-- 367 --

Oth.
And so she did.

Iago.
Why, go to, then;
She that, so young, could give out such a seeming,
To seel her father's eyes up, close as oak1 note





,—
He thought, 'twas witchcraft:—But I am much to blame;
I humbly do beseech you of your pardon,
For too much loving you.

Oth.
I am bound to thee for ever.

Iago.
I see, this hath a little dash'd your spirits.

Oth.
Not a jot, not a jot.

Iago.
Trust me* note, I fear it has.
I hope, you will consider, what is spoke

-- 368 --


Comes from my love;—But, I do see you are mov'd:—
I am to pray you, not to strain my speech
To grosser issues2 note, nor to larger reach,
Than to suspicion.

Oth.
I will not.

Iago.
Should you do so, my lord,
My speech should fall into such vile success3 note




As my thoughts aim not at. Cassio's my worthy* note friend:
My lord, I see you are mov'd.

Oth.
No, not much mov'd:—
I do not think but Desdemona's honest.

-- 369 --

Iago.
Long live she so! and long live you to think so!

Oth.
And yet, how nature erring from itself,—

Iago.
Ay, there's the point:—As,—to be bold with you,—
Not to affect many proposed matches,
Of her own clime, complexion, and degree;
Whereto, we see, in all things nature tends:
Foh* note! one may smell, in such, a will most rank4 note,
Foul disproportion, thoughts unnatural.—
But pardon me; I do not, in position,
Distinctly speak of her: though I may fear,
Her will, recoiling to her better judgment,
May fall to match you with her country forms,
And (hapily) repent.

Oth.
Farewell, farewell:
If more thou dost perceive, let me know more;
Set on thy wife to observe: Leave me, Iago.

Iago.
My lord, I take my leave.
[Going.

Oth.
Why did I marry?—This honest creature, doubtless,
Sees and knows more, much more, than he unfolds.

Iago.
My lord, I would, I might entreat your honour
To scan this thing no further; leave it to time:
Though it be fit† note that Cassio have his place,
(For, sure, he fills it up with great ability,)
Yet, if you please to hold him off a while,
You shall by that perceive him and his means5 note:

-- 370 --


Note, if your lady strain his entertainment6 note


With any strong or vehement opportunity;
Much will be seen in that. In the mean time,
Let me be thought too busy in my fears,
(As worthy cause I have, to fear—I am,)
And hold her free, I do beseech your honour.

Oth.
Fear not my government7 note.

Iago.
I once more take my leave.
[Exit.

Oth.
This fellow's of exceeding honesty,
And knows all qualities, with a learned spirit8 note

,
Of human dealings: If I do prove her haggard9 note





,

-- 371 --


Though that her jesses were my dear heart-strings1 note




,
I'd whistle her off, and let her down the wind,
To prey at fortune2 note










. Haply, for I am black;
And have not those soft parts of conversation3 note

-- 372 --


That chamberers4 note




have: Or, for I am declin'd
Into the vale of years;—yet that's not much;—
She's gone; I am abus'd; and my relief
Must be—to loath her. O curse of marriage,
That we can call these delicate creatures ours,
And not their appetites! I had rather be a toad,
And live upon the vapour of a dungeon,
Than keep a corner in the thing I love,
For others' uses. Yet, 'tis the plague of great ones;
Prerogativ'd are thy less than the base5 note


;
'Tis destiny unshunnable, like death6 note;

-- 373 --


Even then this forked plague7 note












is fated to us,
When we do quicken. Desdemona comes8 note: Enter Desdemona and Emilia.
If she be false, O, then heaven mocks itself9 note

!—
I'll not believe it.

-- 374 --

Des.
How now, my dear Othello?
Your dinner, and the generous islanders1 note




By you invited, do attend your presence.

Oth.
I am to blame.

Des.
Why is your speech so faint? are you not well?

Oth.
I have a pain upon my forehead here2 note



.

Des.
Faith, that's with watching; 'twill away again:
Let me but bind it hard, within this hour
It will be well

Oth.
Your napkin is too little3 note

; [He puts the Handkerchief from him, and it drops.
Let it alone. Come, I'll go in with you.

-- 375 --

Des.
I am very sorry that you are not well.
[Exeunt Oth. and Des.

Emil.
I am glad I have found this napkin;
This was her first remembrance from the Moor:
My wayward husband hath a hundred times
Woo'd me to steal it: but she so loves the token,
(For he conjur'd her, she would ever keep it,)
That she reserves it evermore about her,
To kiss, and talk to. I'll have the work ta'en out4 note

,
And giv't Iago:
What he'll do with it, heaven knows, not I;
I nothing, but to please his fantasy5 note
. Enter Iago.

Iago.
How now! what do you here alone?

Emil.
Do not you chide; I have a thing for you.

Iago.
A thing for me?—it is a common thing.

Emil.
Ha!

-- 376 --

Iago.
To have a foolish wife.

Emil.
O, is that all? What will you give me now
For that same handkerchief?

Iago.
What handkerchief?

Emil.
What handkerchief?
Why, that the Moor first gave to Desdemona;
That which so often you did bid me steal.

Iago.
Hast stolen it from her?

Emil.
No, faith; she let it drop by negligence;
And, to the advantage, I, being here, took't up5 note


.
Look, here it is.

Iago.
A good wench; give it me.

Emil.
What will you do with it, that you have been so earnest
To have me filch it?

Iago.
Why, what's that to you?
[Snatching it.

Emil.
If it be not for some purpose of import,
Give it me again: Poor lady! she'll run mad,
When she shall lack it.

Iago.
Be not you known of't6 note




; I have use for it.
Go, leave me. [Exit Emilia.

-- 377 --


I will in Cassio's lodging lose this napkin,
And let him find it: Trifles, light as air,
Are, to the jealous, confirmations strong
As proofs of holy writ. This may do something.
The Moor already changes with my poison7 note:—
Dangerous conceits are, in their natures, poisons,
Which, at the first, are scarce found to distaste;
But, with a little act upon the blood,
Burn like the mines of sulphur.—I did say so8 note



:—

-- 378 --

Enter Othello.
Look, where he comes! Not poppy, nor mandragora9 note




,
Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world,
Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep
Which thou ow'dst yesterday1 note.

Oth.
Ha! ha! false to me? to me?

Iago.
Why, how now, general? no more of that.

Oth.
Avaunt! be gone! thou hast set me on the rack:—
I swear, 'tis better to be much abus'd,
Than but to know't a little.

Iago.
How now, my lord?

Oth.
What sense had I of her stolen hours of lust2 note















!

-- 379 --


I saw it not, thought it not, it harm'd not me:
I slept the next night well, was free and merry3 note
;
I found not Cassio's kisses on her lips:
He that is robb'd, not wanting what is stolen,
Let him not know't, and he's not robb'd at all.

Iago.
I am sorry to hear this.

Oth.
I had been happy, if the general camp,
Pioneers and all4 note

, had tasted her sweet body,

-- 380 --


So I had nothing known: O now, for ever,
Farewell the tranquil mind! farewell content!
Farewell the plumed troop* note, and the big wars,
That make ambition virtue! O, farewell!
Farewell the neighing steed5 note
















, and the shrill trump,

-- 381 --


The spirit-stirring drum, the ear-piercing fife6 note










,
The royal banner; and all quality,

-- 382 --


Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war7 note







!
And O you mortal engines, whose rude throats8 note



The immortal Jove's dread clamours counterfeit,

-- 383 --


Farewell! Othello's occupation's gone!

Iago.
Is it possible?—My lord,—

Oth.
Villain, be sure thou prove my love a whore;
Be sure of it; give me the ocular proof; [Taking him by the Throat.
Or, by the worth of mine eternal soul9 note


,
Thou hadst been better have been born a dog1 note

,
Than answer my* note wak'd wrath.

Iago.
Is it come to this?

Oth.
Make me to see it; or (at the least) so prove it,
That the probation bear no hinge, nor loop,
To hang a doubt on: or, woe upon thy life!

Iago.
My noble lord,—

Oth.
If thou dost slander her, and torture me,
Never pray more: abandon all remorse2 note;
On horror's head horrors accumulate:
Do deeds to make heaven weep3 note

, all earth amaz'd,
For nothing canst thou to damnation add,
Greater than that.

-- 384 --

Iago.
O grace! O heaven defend* note me!
Are you a man? have you a soul, or sense?—
God be wi' you; take mine office.—O wretched fool,
That liv'st4 note to make thine honesty a vice!—
O monstrous world! Take note, take note, O world,
To be direct and honest, is not safe.—
I thank you for this profit: and, from hence,
I'll love no friend, since5 note love breeds such offence.

Oth.
Nay, stay:—Thou should'st be honest.

Iago.
I should be wise; for honesty's a fool,
And loses that it works for.

Oth.
By the world6 note,
I think my wife be honest, and think she is not;
I think that thou art just, and think thou art not;
I'll have some proof: Her name7 note

, that was as fresh
As Dian's visage, is now begrim'd and black
As mine own face.—If there be cords, or knives,
Poison, or fire, or suffocating streams,
I'll not endure it8 note



.—Would, I were satisfied!

Iago.
I see, sir, you are eaten up with passion:

-- 385 --


I do repent me, that I put it to you.
You would be satisfied?

Oth.
Would? nay, I will.

Iago.
And may: But, how? how satisfied, my lord?
Would you, the supervisor, grossly gape on?
Behold her tupp'd9 note



?

Oth.
Death and damnation! O!

Iago.
It were a tedious difficulty, I think,
To bring them to that prospect: Damn them then,
If ever mortal eyes do see them bolster,
More than their own! What then? how then?
What shall I say? Where's satisfaction?
It is impossible, you should see this,
Were they as prime as goats1 note






, as hot as monkeys,
As salt as wolves in pride, and fools as gross
As ignorance made drunk. But yet, I say,
If imputation, and strong circumstances,—
Which lead directly to the door of truth,—
Will give you satisfaction, you may have it.

Oth.
Give me a living reason2 note




that she's disloyal.

-- 386 --

Iago.
I do not like the office:
But, sith I am enter'd in this cause so far,—
Prick'd to it by foolish honesty and love,—
I will go on. I lay with Cassio lately;
And, being troubled with a raging tooth,
I could not sleep.
There are a kind of men so loose of soul,
That in their sleeps will mutter their affairs;
One of this kind is Cassio:
In sleep I heard him say,—Sweet Desdemona,
Let us be wary, let us hide our loves!
And then, sir, would he gripe, and wring my hand,
Cry,—O, sweet creature! and then kiss me hard,
As if he pluck'd up kisses by the roots,
That grew upon my lips: then laid his leg
Over my thigh, and sigh'd, and kiss'd; and then
Cry'd3 note


,—Cursed fate! that gave thee to the Moor!

-- 387 --

Oth.
O monstrous! monstrous!

Iago.
Nay, this was but his dream.

Oth.
But this denoted a foregone conclusion4 note

;
'Tis a shrewd doubt, though it be but a dream5 note

.

Iago.
And this may help to thicken other proofs,
That do demonstrate thinly.

Oth.
I'll tear her all to pieces.

Iago.
Nay, but be wise: yet we see nothing done6 note;
She may be honest yet. Tell me but this,—
Have you not sometimes seen a handkerchief,
Spotted with strawberries, in your wife's hand?

Oth.
I gave her such a one; 'twas my first gift.

Iago.
I know not that: but such a handkerchief,
(I am sure it was your wife's,) did I to-day
See Cassio wipe his beard with.

Oth.
If it be that,—

Iago.
If it be that, or any that was hers7 note

,
It speaks against her with the other proofs.

-- 388 --

Oth.
O, that the slave had forty thousand lives;
One is too poor, too weak for my revenge!
Now do I see 'tis true8 note






.—Look here, Iago;
All my fond love thus do I blow to heaven9 note




:
'Tis gone.—
Arise, black vengeance, from thy hollow cell1 note









!

-- 389 --


Yield up, O love, thy crown, and hearted throne2 note



,
To tyrannous hate! swell, bosom, with thy fraught3 note,
For 'tis of aspicks' tongues!

Iago.
Pray, be content.

Oth.
O, blood, Iago, blood!

Iago.
Patience, I say; your mind, perhaps, may change.

Oth.
Never, Iago4 note. Like to the Pontick sea5 note

,
Whose icy current and compulsive course

-- 390 --


Ne'er feels retiring ebb6 note



, but keeps due on
To the Propontick, and the Hellespont;
Even so my bloody thoughts, with violent pace,
Shall ne'er look back, ne'er ebb to humble love,
Till that a capable and wide revenge7 note




Swallow them up.—Now, by yond' marble heaven8 note



,
In the due reverence of a sacred vow [Kneels.
I here engage my words.

Iago.
Do not rise yet.— [Kneels.
Witness, you ever-burning lights above!
You elements that clip us round about!
Witness, that here Iago doth give up
The execution9 note




of his wit, hands, heart,

-- 391 --


To wrong'd Othello's service! let him command,
And to obey shall be in me remorse,
What bloody work soever1 note














.

-- 392 --

Oth.
I greet thy love,
Not with vain thanks, but with acceptance bounteous,
And will upon the instant put thee to't:
Within these three days let me hear thee say,
That Cassio's not alive.

Iago.
My friend is dead; 'tis done, at your request2 note:
But let her live.

Oth.
Damn her, lewd minx! O, damn her3 note!
Come, go with me apart; I will withdraw,
To furnish me with some swift means of death
For the fair devil. Now art thou my lieutenant.

Iago.
I am your own for ever.
[Exeunt.

-- 393 --

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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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