When these angry men had gone forward again on
their path of vengeance, and we had resumed our progress
thus momentarily interrupted, I inquired of the
prince the meaning of a city of refuge for murderers!

“I will gladly answer your inquiry,” he replied courteously.
“In the division of this land by Joshua to our
fathers he appointed, by the command of the merciful
God, several places as `cities of refuge,' so that if any
man slew another by accident he might fly thither from
vengeance. This privilege was not to shield the murderer,
but to protect the innocent; for a man who unwittingly
slew his fellow, not intending it, might be killed
therefor by the by-standers who knew not the true facts,
and so unjustly perish. `Therefore,' said Joshua,
`whosoever killeth any person unwittingly, or unawares,
may fly thither for refuge from the avenger of blood!'
For instance, my lord prince, this man, who is now
bounding across the country on his way to a city of refuge,
may have slain his victim unwittingly; but the
dead man's friends pursue with vengeance, as you have
seen, to slay him, not giving him opportunity, if they
should overtake him, to show his innocence of evil intention.
Now, if he reaches the gate of the city of Sichem,
and can but lay his hand upon the gate-post, he is safe;
nay, the city extends its protection, for a bow-shot beyond
its gates all around, to the flying man-slayer! Standing
in the gate he asks shelter and protection from the
avenger of blood. The elders of the city are called by
the chief captain, and in their ears the fugitive makes
known the circumstances of the crime for which he flies,
declaring the deed to have been accidental. The elders
then appoint a certain officer of the city to receive him,

[figure description] Page 098.[end figure description]

who conducts him to a safe abode in the heart of the
city, where he is to dwell until the death of the High
Priest of the land! If the pursuers come to the gate
and demand him, they ask in vain. If they can prove,
however, before the Senate and Judges that the slaying
was malicious, then the murderer is given up to the executioner
of the land and stoned to death.”

“Why is the unwitting slayer released on the death
of the great High Priest?” I asked.

“So reads the law,” he answered, “that in such an
event the slayer shall peaceably return to his own city
and home; and whosoever then slays him shall be put
to death! There is a tradition that the death of the
High Priest is the type of the death of a divine High
Priest, Prince and Son of God, who is to come out from
heaven in the future ages, and die for all who have done
evil, in order to release them from their guilt! and that
this pardoning of murderers in the cities of refuge at the
death of the High Priest is to keep before the minds
of the nation the divine Priest to be sacrificed, and die
for the whole people! `for,' says the tradition, `we are all
guilty before the holy Lord God.' All this is obscure,
my lord of Assur; but if you converse with the Seer,
Samuel, at Ramah, he may be able to make it clearer to
you; for it is his privilege and office to know the mysteries
of God and reveal the future! We can pass through
Ramah to his abode by deviating somewhat from our
direct route to Hebron, and if you wish to see the venerable
prophet and friend of God, while your caravan proceeds
direct to Hebron, I will go on with you with my
body-guard. Near Ramah is Bethel, where my royal
mother now resides, whom I would gladly pay my respectful
duty to, as I have not seen her for many weeks, having

[figure description] Page 099.[end figure description]

been in the interval with my father at Gibeah, at Mizpah,
and at Hebron, at all of which places he has either
winter or summer abodes which he is adorning and enlarging;
for our land has hitherto been without kingly
residences. Hebron, however, will ultimately become
the king's capital, as my father regards it with more
favor than any other of the cities of his habitation.”

In such conversation, your majesty, we beguiled our
way, which gradually wound in among lofty precipices,
and led over bold hills, most of which were crowned
with walled villages or castles; while the prospect from
their summits was full of interest to one coming from a
land so little diversified as Assyria, about Nineveh.
Hills, rocks, dells, valleys, in romantic confusion, all
teeming with life, and rich with culture, met the view.
The names of several places were made known to me by
the Hebrew architect, whom I found a person of intelligence.

At one of the castles which we came to, the captain
thereof appeared at the gate and offered us hospitality; but
we declined the courtesy, prefering to dine in our own tent
on the road. He, however, detained the prince two hours
on some affairs, while I rode slowly forward, attended
by Joab the young soldier of the Jordan. This young
man I found had an imperious will, and was as rude in
speech as brave in heart. He seemed to regard me,
however, with partiality, and to be ready to communicate
any information in his gift. As we rode on he said,

“I see that thou thinkest highly of the king's son,
Prince Jonathan! Thou mayest, lord of Asshur. Young
and fair as he appears, he has a lion's heart. His eyes,
which seem as soft as a woman's, can blaze with the light

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of battle! To see him in his blue-broidered tunic and
golden armor, with the plume in his silken bonnet, one
would fancy he were only a fair-day prince, who loved
rather to hear the voices of singing women than the
trumpet-cry of war!”

“What has he achieved in arms, my friend?” I asked,
seeing that he wished to talk about his prince.

“I will give thee, my lord, one instance of our royal
prince's brave deeds. When the last foray of the Philistines
was made into our land, the king went out to
meet them, and laid siege to a garrison where they were
fortified. They could not, however, be dislodged for
want of proper war engines and arms. Weary of the
delay, the young prince called his armor-bearer, the
bearded man whom you see riding there by that man-at-arms,
behind us, and said, `Come, let us go and see
these Philistines! Peradventure we may find a weak
point where they may be attacked!' So going secretly
out of the camp at the close of the day, they descended
through a defile, and came before the garrison! Finding
that there was no way by which the army of the king,
his father, could get up to it, but only here and there
a place where one man could put his foot, he called out
aloud to the Philistines and said,

“Come forth and let us fight our battles in open field!
In the name of the Lord we will destroy your hosts!”

Then the Philistine captain, coming to the top of the
rock, called to Prince Jonathan to come up and take the
garrison, as he seemed so bold!

“Such a challenge to the son of the king shall not be
refused while I have a sword, and a hand to wield it,”
cried the prince, in a sort of divine fury; and calling to

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his armor-bearer to follow him, he commenced climbing
the rocky sides of the garrison. In a few moments the
daring young soldier, closely followed by his armor-bearer,
drew himself over the verge, and leaped, sword
in hand, into the very midst of his foes! He came so
suddenly upon them, and his aspect was so terrible, and
he threw himself upon them with such vengeance, the
while uttering his battle-cry, that those who resisted
were cut down, and others, flying, alarmed the garrison,
and created a panic throughout the whole Philistine
hosts; for it was believed from the noise of fighting and
the ringing blows of steel on iron armor, that the whole
of the king's army had scaled the cliff and were attacking
them! The prince alone slew twenty men in the
space of a few yards before him, while his armor-bearer
keeping close to him, warded off the blows of those who
had courage to oppose him. It being dark, the enemy
could not distinguish friend from foe, and, in the confusion,
parties attacked each other. Thus the dismay
each instant grew, until the whole army in and beyond
the garrison commenced to fly along the passes of the
mountains, pursued by the prince and his armor-bearer,
slaying as they went, and uttering their fierce battle
shouts. The noise of the conflict reached the ears of the
king, his father, in his tent; and it was told him the Philistines
were attacked, by whom they knew not! He
soon ascertained that Jonathan and his armor-bearer
were missing from the camp. He then rose up, he and
his army, and followed in pursuit, and the flight and chase
lasted till the close of the next day, when weary with
slaughter and with pursuing, the king and his army halted
and encamped for the night, laden with spoils! This

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daring exploit of the prince, as well as his piety and virtue,
has endeared him, my lord, to all the people, as
you may well believe.”

While Joab was speaking, Prince Jonathan came riding
up and rejoined me. I regarded him now with deeper
interest. What courage and noble qualities lay hidden
under that calm, pleasant countenance, which was almost
effeminate in its fairness, added to the soft, shining
tresses which fell in waves upon his shoulders!

We now rode on, but at our ease, to keep within the
slow traveling pace of the caravan. At night we encamped
in a vale by a well, and the next day continued
our advance amid agreeable scenes, while on all sides the
density of the population and the great number of villages
surprised me. For miles, the valleys are like a continuous
village; while on the rocks and among cliffs, almost
inaccessible, are perched habitations, gardens, and vineyards;
kids, goats and sheep seem to cover every projection
of the hills in great numbers, and herds of fat
cattle roam the green and secluded glens.

I have not spoken of the beauty of the females of this
favored land. They are seen everywhere moving about
without restraint, sharing, with affectionate interest, in
all that concerns the welfare of the community; kind,
affable, cheerful, and intelligent, they are worthy to be
the daughters and wives of a manly and truly domestic
race like the Hebrews. Concubinage or duality of wives
is unknown among this virtuous people. The females,
therefore, retain a certain dignity of aspect and a feeling
of self-respect which is not observable in the bearing of
the ladies of Assyria. Here woman is the companion
of man: as his wife, often his judicious counselor in

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difficult and doubtful cases, and the sympathizer of his
sorrows; his tender nurse in sickness, his truest, best,
most unselfish, and most faithful friend always.

In personal appearance they are not tall, but their
forms are the impersonation of grace, both of outline
and motion. They have raven black hair, very abundant,
and long, and beautifully glossy, in which they take
great pride as woman's most lovely adornment and her
“crown of glory,” as one of our poets has it, braiding
it in shining bands, and adorning it with precious gems
and dust of gold. Large and brilliantly brown eyes they
have, warmed by feeling and ardent with animation, their
dangerous fire tempered by long, sable eyelashes which,
when they drop the eyelids, rest in a curved fringe upon
the cheek. Their power of expression surpasses all that
I ever beheld in woman's eyes; and a sure captive will
the unwary youth become who suffers himself long to
gaze into their fascinating depths.

The personal beauty of the Hebrew women is universal
in their years of maidenhood and early wifehood. What,
with their massy and richly-bound tresses, their eyes of
fire, their lips more brilliant than the hue of the pomegranate,
the soft, olive tone of their complexions, the gazelle-like
grace of their movements, the exquisite shape
of their heads, and delicate smallness of their hands and
high-arched feet, the singularly attractive melody of
their voices when they speak in the low, musical tones
peculiar to them; all these present a charming combination
of attractions that will convince your majesty that I
at least have a full appreciation of the extraordinary
loveliness of the gentler Hebrews. Add to this their
cheerful dispositions, their kind and obliging manners,

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and the intelligence with which they are gifted, and one
cannot withhold from them that praise and commendation
which is so deservedly their merit.

In the national history of the Hebrews, there stand out
prominently several of the sex who have reflected honor
upon the whole people by deeds of heroism performed
for their country, or else by the loveliest exhibitions of
faithfulness and truth, or by sacred devotion to the will
of parents, or of obedience to the gods. Of these are
Deborah, the prophetess, and warrior, and Judge, all in
her own person; Ruth, a foreigner by birth indeed, but
adopted into the Hebrew nation, and of whom their poets
love to sing the gentle praises; and a young and beautiful
daughter of a great warrior, Jeptha, who sacrificed her,
herself consenting, to the gods, (or rather to his `God,' as
I shall say when writing of these people,) in fulfillment of
a vow on the occasion of a great victory; and Iael or
Jael, allied by blood to the priestly line of Israel, who
slew with her own hand Sisera, the powerful and cruel
general of her nation's foe, and thereby delivered her
country from servitude.

These noble women are all subjects for the poet's harp,
and are household names in the land. It is a peculiar
feature of the Hebrew character that the men honor the
female sex even above their own; concede to it the highest
places and the first acts of courtesy in mixed assemblies.
This consideration in itself elevates woman, and renders
her worthy of the homage and regard paid to her.

How different all this from woman in the East, your
majesty, where the sex is regarded as but so many beautiful
toys created for our luxury and pride, and far beneath
in intellect a husband and a father! Only here

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and there, as in the noble exceptions of Semiramis, Sardanapala,
and Arsephaxa, all powerful and virtuous
queens of Assyria, does woman in the East assert her
true rank by nature, which, doubtless, is to be the companion
and friend and prudent counselor of man, both
as kings and subjects.

I see your majesty smile at my eulogy of the sex, and
at my admiration of the Hebrew females. If Egypt's
fair daughter, to whom I am sent to ask her hand for
your majesty, be half as fair as Adora, the beautiful
daughter of the chief senator of Jericho, your majesty
will have a bright jewel to wear in your coronet. If I
had not hastened from the splendor of her eyes I should
have been consumed by them to ashes.

But to resume the narrative of my journey hither.
At the close of the second day's travel we came to where
two roads met. One of these took a direction southwardly,
but the other led westward towards Ramah, the
abode of the Seer, and so on, to the shores of the Great
Sea, which the prince informed me was visible from a
mountain not far from the place where the prophet dwelt.

As it was my desire to see this holy and venerable
person, and present to him your message and signet-ring,
I gave the caravan orders to continue on the way southward,
under the charge of my captain, Nacherib, and,
encamping before Hebron, await my coming. Retaining
only my personal guard of one hundred nobles, the prince
having also kept one hundred of his men-at-arms, sending
the residue under Joab with my caravan as an escort
through the country, we were about to go forward towards
Ramah, when Nacherib, who had just put the caravan in
motion on its road, came riding up as if with a message.

[figure description] Page 106.[end figure description]

“Your highness,” he said, “I had best halt the whole
body! I see a large force winding its way in this direction
through the valley below us, and if we proceed we
shall meet them!”

The prince and I immediately turned our horses' heads,
and rode one side to a slight elevation from which the
southern road was visible for a league. Half that distance
off I saw advancing a long train of camels and
laden mules preceded by a party of horsemen carrying
slender lances.

“It is a caravan, doubtless that from the country of
Sheba, which is expected yearly about this time on its
way to Syrian Damascus,” said the prince, after a moment's
scrutiny. “But let us spur forward and ascertain!”

Followed by a portion of my hundred horsemen, as a
protection in case of surprise, I rode rapidly forward
with the prince, and we soon came so near that the armed
troop in its van stopped and drew up in line of battle.
I then halted my guard and Prince Jonathan rode forward
alone. No sooner was he perceived by the strangers,
than their chief, a dark warrior of gigantic stature clad
in chain-mail, detached himself from the main body of
his command and came galloping into the open space on
a coal-black charger of magnificent size, superbly caparisoned.
He rode as if man and horse were but one animal,
moved by one will and one power. It was a superb
display of barbaric horsemanship, and as he rode he held
his long lance in rest, but not leveled in an attitude of
hostility, but pointing skyward above his head. He was
followed at a little distance by one who bore his shield
and sword.

[figure description] Page 107.[end figure description]

I at once rode to the side of the prince, who said to
me:—

“I am right. It is the annual southern caravan from
the kingdom of Sheba, which lies by the south sea, and
destined for Syria. I know well their faces and style
of armor, and have before seen this chief about two
years ago!”

“Peace and amity,” cried the prince, as he came up
within a few paces of the warrior.

“Even so! We are for peace and amity, this being a
caravan of merchants, my lord,” answered the chief.

“You are welcome to pass through our land, sir captain;
for we also profit by your merchandize. Didst
thou stop before Hebron?”

“But one day, my lord, for rumor came suddenly that
the Philistines had moved with a great army from their
fastnesses, and were to march upon Hebron. So we hurried
on to be out of reach of foes, which make no distinction,
and plunder where there are treasures. Thou seest
I have but four hundred armed men with me, enough
for security against the bands of the men of Esau in the
deserts, but not to withstand battles with hosts harnessed
for war!”

“Thou hast done well to hasten thy march,” said the
prince. “Pass on thy way in peace!” “This is indeed
news,” he continued, turning to me! “So this armament
so long threatened by our foes is come to a head, and
Hebron is menaced by our implacable scourge! For
your sake I am grieved, as I fear the enemy will possess
themselves of the passes south, and delay your march towards
Egypt.”

“In that case,” I answered, “I will not remain idly

[figure description] Page 108.[end figure description]

waiting a passage to be opened by your arms, or their
pleasure, but join in the war with you with my thousand
trained Assyrians, and so bring it to an end the sooner,
that I may peaceably proceed on my mission!”

“These tidings,” continued the prince thoughtfully,
“should take me at once to Hebron. But the king in
person is enough there! I will assemble our armies in
this quarter, and send them to my father. I still will
go on to Ramah! There are several garrisons on the
way, and also there, the soldiers of which I must despatch
to the south. Besides I would, in this new peril, ask of
the man of God what will befal in this war! My poor
father used to consult him! But now there is no intercourse
between them! My father offended him by sacrificing,
without waiting for the prophet whose sacred
right it was alone, and I fear displeased God, also; for
he seems, alas! to have been,since then,under a dark cloud
of divine judgment! as painful as it is for a son to say
this, I can not withhold the truth from you. My father
was on the eve of an engagement, and wished to offer the
usual sacrifices to propitiate the God of battles, and win
a blessing upon his arms! He waited until the time of
the evening oblation, and not seeing the prophet appear,
seized the sacrificial knife in his impatience, and with
his own hand slew the victim! He lost the battle! Thus
heaven frowned upon him for the act, and the prophet
in displeasure denounced his unlawful proceeding as high
impiety, and declared to him in the most solemn language,
that henceforth he should not prosper in his reign,
and that the day was at hand when his crown and sceptre
should be taken from him and given to another,
chosen of God! Since then the prophet, who once loved

[figure description] Page 109.[end figure description]

and honored my father, and who privately consecrated
him at his election, himself, as King of Israel, and again
consecrated him at his coronation before all the people,
has turned his face from him, nor spoken with him either
words of anger or of kindness. This displeasure has had
its natural effect upon my father, and filled his soul with
that gloom and depression, which, most noble prince
Arbaces, you will not fail to observe when you come into
his presence!”

During this revelation of the king's infirmities, we
were slowly riding back again to the place where the two
roads met, the caravan of the strangers from the south
being once more in motion, and coming after us. I could
not but feel and express my sympathy with the amiable
and sorrowful prince, who evidently loved and honored,
with the profoundest respect and affection, his unhappy
father. After a few moments he added,

“It is my wish to see the prophet, to entreat his interposition
with the God of our fathers, to pardon my
father's act of usurpation of the priestly office, and give
him prosperity in this war, and in all his reign. Not
that I desire this prosperity on my own account, noble
sir, for it does not grieve me to be deprived of the succession
to my father's crown; but alone for his peace
and honor do I desire it.”

“How, my prince, are you to be deprived of your
kingdom at the king, your father's, departure from this
life?” I asked with surprise at his words. He answered,

“The prophet has pronounced, and his word is the fiat
of God, by whose inspiration and knowledge he speaks,
that the kingdom shall be given to another at his death!

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Not to me! Another is to rule Israel, not of my blood
or of my name!” he continued with earnest feeling.
“But he who is to wear my coronet is worthy! Heaven
has consecrated him beforehand! His anointed and
youthful brow but waits for the crown of my father!”

He rode quickly onward, as if to give some orders to
Joab, without saying more, leaving my mind in a state
of suspense, and with increased interest in this noble and
good prince, whose life, evidently, is also shaded by the
cloud which overhangs the path of his royal and doomed
father.

The stranger caravan, interesting to the eye from the
varied costumes of the foreign people who composed it,
now came creeping on up the winding ascent in a long
picturesque line; while my Assyrian retinue of nine hundred
men were drawn up at a distance on a hill, their
burnished armor gleaming in the radiance of the sun,
awaiting the passage of the merchants and their guard
of four hundred men, led by their gigantic and warlike
chief.

The whole company having passed on, the spices which
the camels bore filling the whole atmosphere with fragrance
around us, my caravan, which had drawn aside
to give room to the strangers, once more advanced with
its head towards the south. The prince gave Joab and
Nacherib warning to be on their guard against any bodies
of the Philistines who might be secretly penetrating the
country; which precautions I carefully enjoined upon my
chief captain, also, to observe. We remained watching
the two caravans, which got out of sight, going in their
opposite directions, about the same time; and then, spurring
forward, we made all haste to reach Ramah by noon.

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Onward we dashed up the rocky defiles, my body-guard
of a hundred Ninevite horsemen and that of the prince,
divided into fifties, preceding and following. There were,
besides these, but four of us in the party, the prince,
myself, and our respective armor-bearers; the Hebrew
architect having gone on with the caravan.

Our road was at one time amid romantic defiles, the
sides of which were hung with vines, and to which the
cottages of the vine-dressers almost seemed to cling for
support; at another over rocky ridges fortified with
castles and guarded by garrisons; now we traversed lovely
vales, and now threaded our way through a long village
of white stone houses with flat roofs on which we saw the
inhabitants either walking for air, reading parchments,
or copying them, the women pulling flax, weaving, carding,
or engaged in needle-work; while many were at
their meals upon the roof which was protected by fancifully
colored awnings with fringed curtains, looking
precisely like a tent pitched upon the house-top. These
awnings were tasteful in shape, and rich and gay in
material and in colors according to the wealth of the
householder; and so were the occupations of the family
beneath them, either humble or leisurely elegant, according
to their condition. It was a lively and happy
scene. Want seemed to be a word unknown. How soon,
I thought, could all this fair picture be changed by the
invasion of a wild band of those armed Philistines, who
seem to have been for generations the terror of the land,
and its implacable foes! I felt a curiosity to know
something of these dreaded adversaries. The prince
kindly answered my inquiries; and from him I learned
that they are a warlike remnant of that conquering

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family of ancient Phænicia, called Palestines, a race of
Shepherd warriors, who invaded Egypt, (before the time
the fathers of the Hebrews went thither,) and with their
well-trained armies conquered Lower Egypt and set up a
foreign dynasty at Memphis. After reigning for six
generations, being driven out of Egypt by a Theban
conqueror, they retired into Palestine with only a remnant
of their former numbers; but since then they are
much increased in power and warlike arts; for their
glory and happiness is in war! When the Hebrew
people conquered the adjoining kingdoms, fearing for
their own, they became their most vindictive enemies.
The Hebrews have not so much sought to conquer their
country as to defend their own from their invasions. To
this day they continue to be a scourge to this people of
God; and what is singular their incursions always follow
the commission by the people of Israel of some national
sin! It is moreover openly said by their Seer that God
permits these foes to exist as a living instrument for the
chastisement of the nation!

How wonderful the God of this people! How constant
his watch over them now for five hundred years!
With what numberless displays of his divine majesty does
he aid them in danger! With what ceaseless severity
does he visit them when prosperity leads them to forget
their dependence upon him! Is He not the most powerful
of all gods, as well as the most terrible in his manifestations
of Himself? Who of the gods of Assyria,
Assur, Ninus, Assarac, Belessar, which of them have ever
pretended to any such power and glory? If the God of
the Hebrews, your majesty, did not limit his care and
providence to this people alone, but manifested himself

[figure description] Page 113.[end figure description]

to all nations as their divine Protector, I should regard
Him as the Lord of the whole earth and the Arbiter of
the fate of all kings and dominions, even as of this!
But as he limits his care to the Hebrews he is evidently
their national Deity as Assarac is ours! yet how much
more powerful is the Hebrew God! Nay, his power it
would seem to me, could fill the world, and that if He
chose He could lord it over all lords, and rule in heaven
and on earth God of gods and King of kings! The more
I learn of His ways and dealings, the more I revere and
honor his mighty name! But fear not, your majesty,
that I shall be drawn into infidelity and become a
Hebrew! The gods of Assyria are the true gods for an
Assyrian, until a mightier Deity like this of Israel removes
them from their celestial thrones, and reigns over
us in their place.

We at length came in sight of the brown battlements
of Ramah elevated upon a steep, which, on all points,
was capped with turrets, giving it a warlike and commanding
aspect. Winding our way through pleasant and
populous suburbs, the vine-dressers and laborers in the
fields pausing to regard with wonder the splendid appearance
of my body-guard in their foreign armor and
plumed crests, we came before the eastern gate of the
city. Here we were challenged; but the Prince Jonathan
being instantly recognized by the chief-keeper of the
gate we were permitted to enter, my guards following,
riding two and two. The streets were narrow and closely
built, and the roofs and lattices were thronged with people
to gaze upon us; for at first the alarm had been bruited
about that we were a party of Philistines who were approaching
the city; but on learning that we were friendly

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Assyrians from the far east, their curiosity to see us was
unbounded.

After going through half the place which is not very
large, we came to a house not very ancient in appearance,
and with a look of superior dignity to the others. This,
I was informed, was the palace of Naioth, the abode of
the late Judge of Israel, Isamel the Seer. Here we
alighted, and the prince sent in his armor-bearer to ask
audience of the man of God for himself and an ambassador
from the court of Nineveh.

But, your majesty, I will defer my account of the interview
to a subsequent letter. Meanwhile, with my
prayers to the gods of our country long to preserve you
in health to sit upon the throne of your long line of
heroic and pious ancestors, I subscribe myself,

p614-124

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