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Samuel Johnson [1765], The plays of William Shakespeare, in eight volumes, with the corrections and illustrations of Various Commentators; To which are added notes by Sam. Johnson (Printed for J. and R. Tonson [and] C. Corbet [etc.], London) [word count] [S11001].
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SCENE V. Changes to Agamemnon's Tent in the Grecian Camp. Trumpets. Enter Agamemnon, Nestor, Ulysses, Diomedes, Menelaus, with others.

Agam.
Princes,
What grief hath set the jaundice on your cheeks?
The ample proposition, that hope makes
In all designs begun on earth below,
Fails in the promis'd largeness. Checks and disasters
Grow in the veins of actions highest rear'd;
As knots by the conflux of meeting sap
Infect the sound pine, and divert his grain
Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
Nor, Princes, is it matter new to us,
That we come short of our Suppose so far,
That after sev'n years' siege, yet Troy-walls stand;
Sith every action that hath gone before,
Whereof we have record, trial did draw
Bias and thwart; not answering the aim,
And that unbodied figure of the thought
That gave't surmised shape. Why then, you Princes,
Do you with cheeks abash'd behold our Works?
And think them shame, which are, indeed, nought else
But the protractive trials of great Jove,
To find persistive constancy in men?
The fineness of which metal is not found
In fortune's love; for then, the bold and coward,
The wise and fool, the artist and unread,
The hard and soft, seem all affin'd, and kin;
But in the wind and tempest of her frown,
Distinction with a 2 notebroad and powerful fan,
Puffing at all, winnows the light away;

-- 427 --


And what hath mass, or matter by itself,
Lies rich in virtue, and unmingled.

Nest.
3 note



With due observance of thy godlike Seat,
Great Agamemnon, 4 note




Nestor shall apply
Thy latest words. In the reproof of Chance
Lies the true proof of men: the Sea being smooth,

-- 428 --


How many shallow bauble boats dare sail
Upon her 5 note
patient breast, making their way
With those of nobler bulk?
But let the russian Boreas once enrage
The gentle Thetis, and anon, behold,
The strong-ribb'd Bark thro' liquid mountains cut,
Bounding between the two moist elements,
Like Perseus' horse. Where's then the saucy boat,
Whose weak untimber'd sides but even now
Co-rival'd Greatness? or to harbour fled,
Or made a toast for Neptune. Even so
Doth valour's shew and valour's worth divide
In storms of fortune; for in her ray and brightness,
The herd hath more annoyance by the brize
Than by the tyger; but when splitting winds
Make flexible the knees of knotted oaks,
And flies get under shade; why then 6 notethe thing of courage,
As rowz'd with rage, with rage doth sympathize;
And, with an accent tun'd in self-same key,
7 noteReturns to chiding fortune.

Ulyss.
Agamemnon,
Thou great commander, nerve and bone of Greece,
Heart of our numbers, soul, and only spirit,
In whom the tempers and the minds of all
Should be shut up, hear, what Ulysses speaks.
Besides th' applause and approbation
The which, most mighty for thy place and sway, [To Agamemnon.

-- 429 --


And thou, most rev'rend for thy stretcht-out life, [To Nestor.
I give to both your 8 note




speeches; which were such,
As Agamemnon and the hand of Greece
Should hold up high in brass; and such again,
As venerable Nestor, hatch'd in silver,
Should with a bond of air, strong as the axle-tree
On which heav'n rides, knit all the Grecians' ears
To his experienc'd tongue: yet let it please both
Thou great, and wise, to hear Ulysses speak.

9 noteAgam.
Speak, Prince of Ithaca, and be't of less expect
That matter needless, of importless burden,
Divide thy lips; than we are confident,
When rank Thersites opes his mastiff jaws,
We shall hear musick, wit and oracle.

Ulyss.
Troy, yet upon her basis, had been down,
And the great Hector's sword had lack'd a master,
But for these instances.
1 noteThe speciality of Rule hath been neglected;

-- 430 --


And, look, how many Grecian Tents do stand
Hollow upon this Plain, so many hollow factions.
2 note


When that the General is not like the hive,
To whom the Foragers shall all repair,
What honey is expected? Degree being vizarded,
Th' unworthiest shews as fairly in the mask.
3 note

The heav'ns themselves, the planets, and this center,
Observe degree, priority and place,
Insisture, course, proportion, season, form,
Office and custom, in all line of order:
And therefore is the glorious planet Sol
In noble eminence enthron'd and spher'd
Amidst the rest, whose med'cinable eye

-- 431 --


Corrects the ill aspects of planets evil,
And posts like the commandment of a King,
Sans check, to good and bad. 4 note

But when the planets
In evil mixture to disorder wander,
What plagues, and what portents, what mutiny?
What raging of the Sea, shaking of earth,
Commotion in the winds, frights, changes, horrors,
Divert and crack, rend and deracinate
The unity and married calm of states
Quite from their fixure? 5 note
Oh, when degree is shaken,
Which is the ladder to all high designs,
6 note
The enterprize is sick. How could communities,
Degrees in schools, and 7 notebrotherhoods in cities,
Peaceful commerce from dividable shores,
The primogeniture, and due of birth,
Prerogative of age, crowns, scepters, lawrels,
But by degree, stand in authentick place?
Take but degree away, untune that string,
And hark what discord follows; each thing meets
In meer oppugnancy. The bounded waters
Should lift their bosoms higher than the shores,
And make a sop of all this solid Globe:
Strength should be Lord of imbecillity,
And the rude son should strike his father dead:

-- 432 --


Force should be Right; or rather, 8 note






Right and Wrong,
Between whose endless jar Justice resides,
Should lose their names, and so should Justice too;
Then every thing include itself in power,
Power into will, will into appetite;
And appetite, an universal wolf,
So doubly seconded with will and power,
Must make perforce an universal prey,

-- 433 --


And last eat up itself. Great Agamemnon!
This Chaos, when degree is suffocate,
Follows the choaking:
And this neglection of degree is it,
9 noteThat by a pace goes backward, 1 note
with a purpose
It hath to climb. The General's disdain'd
By him one step below; he, by the next;
That next, by him beneath; so every step,
Exampled by the first pace that is sick
Of his Superior, grows to an envious fever
Of pale and 2 notebloodless emulation.
And 'tis this fever that keeps Troy on foot,
Not her own sinews. To end a Tale of length,
Troy in our weakness lives, not in her strength.

Nest.
Most wisely hath Ulysses here discover'd
The fever, whereof all our power is sick.

Agam.
The nature of the sickness found, Ulysses,
What is the remedy?

Ulyss.
The great Achilles, whom opinion crowns
The sinew and the fore-hand of our Host,
Having his ear full of his airy fame,
Grows dainty of his worth, and in his tent
Lies mocking our designs. With him, Patroclus,
Upon a lazy bed, the live-long day
Breaks scurril jests;
And with ridiculous and aukward action,
Which, slanderer, he imitation calls,
He pageants us. Sometimes, great Agamemnon,
* note

Thy topless Deputation he puts on;

-- 434 --


And, like a strutting Player, whose conceit
Lies in his ham-string, and doth think it rich
To hear the wooden dialogue and sound
'Twixt his stretch'd footing and the scaffoldage,
Such to be-pitied and o'er-wrested Seeming
He acts thy Greatness in: and when he speaks,
'Tis like a chime a mending; with terms unsquar'd:
Which, from the tongue of roaring Typhon dropt,
Would seem hyperboles. At this fusty stuff
The large Achilles, on his prest-bed lolling,
From his deep chest laughs out a loud applause:
Cries—excellent!—'tis Agamemnon just
Now play me Nestor—hum, and stroke thy beard,
As he, being 'drest to some oration.
That's done—3 noteas near as the extremest ends
Of parallels; as like, as Vulcan and his wife:
Yet god Achilles still cries, excellent!
'Tis Nestor right! now play him me, Patroclus,
Arming to answer in a night alarm.
And, then forsooth, the faint defects of age
Must be the scene of mirth, to cough and spit,
And with a palsy fumbling on his gorget,
Shake in and out the rivet—and at this sport,
Sir Valour dies; cries “O!—enough, Patroclus—
“Or give me ribs of steel, I shall split all
In pleasure of my spleen.” And, in this fashion,
4 note




All our abilities, gifts, natures, shapes,
Severals and generals of grace exact,

-- 435 --


Atchievements, plots, orders, preventions,
Excitements to the field, or speech for truce,
Success, or loss, what is, or is not, serves
As stuff for these two 5 note
to make paradoxes.

Nest.
And in the imitation of these twain,
Whom, as Ulysses says, opinion crowns
With an imperial voice, many are infect:
Ajax is grown self-will'd, and 6 note
bears his head
In such a rein, in full as proud a place,
As broad Achilles; and keeps his tent like him;
Makes factious feasts, rails on our state of war,
Bold as an Oracle; and sets Thersites,
A slave, whose gall coins slanders like a mint,
To match us in comparisons with dirt;
To weaken and discredit our exposure,
7 note
How rank soever rounded in with danger.

Ulyss.
They tax our policy, and call it cowardise,
Count wisdom as no member of the war;
Forestall our prescience, and esteem no Act

-- 436 --


But that of hand: The still and mental parts,
That do contrive how many hands shall strike,
When fitness call them on, 8 note


and know by measure
Of their observant toil the enemies' weight;
Why, this hath not a finger's dignity;
They call this bed-work, Mapp'ry, closet war:
So that the ram, that batters down the wall,
For the great swing and rudeness of his poize,
They place before his hand that made the engine;
Or those, that with the fineness of their souls
By reason guide his execution.

Nest.
Let this be granted, and Achilles' horse
Makes many Thetis' sons.
[Tucket sounds.

Aga.
What trumpet? look, Menelaus.

Men.
From Troy.
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Samuel Johnson [1765], The plays of William Shakespeare, in eight volumes, with the corrections and illustrations of Various Commentators; To which are added notes by Sam. Johnson (Printed for J. and R. Tonson [and] C. Corbet [etc.], London) [word count] [S11001].
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