Title page THE
TWENTIETH CENTURY
NEW TESTAMENT
A TRANSLATION INTO
MODERN ENGLISH
Made from the Original Greek
(Westcott & Hort's Text) REVISED EDITION London
Horace Marshall & Son
America
The Fleming H. Revell Company
New York & Chicago
1904
(All Rights Reserved)

Title page Entered at Stationers' Hall
Copyright in America, 1904, by Fleming H. Revell Co.
All Rights Reserved

PREFACE. ^note

English-speaking people of to-day have not, until quite recently, had the opportunity of reading the Bible in the English of their own time. Though in the course of the last hundred years the Bible has been translated into the vernacular of most countries, the language of our Bible remains the English of three hundred years ago.

This translation of the New Testament is an endeavour to do for the English nation what has been done already for the people of almost all other countries—to enable Englishmen to read the most important part of their Bible in that form of their own language which they themselves use. It had its origin in the recognition of the fact that the English of the Authorized Version (closely followed in that of the Revised Version), though widely valued for its antique charm, is in many passages difficult, or even quite unintelligible to the modern reader. The retention, too, of a form of English no longer in common use is liable to give the impression that the contents of the Bible have little to do with the life of today. The Greek used by the New Testament writers was not the Classical Greek of some centuries earlier, but the form of the language spoken in their own day. Moreover the writers represent those whose utterances they record as using the words and phrases of every-day life.

We believe that the New Testament will be better understood by modern readers if presented in a modern form; and that a translation of it, which presents the original in an exalted literary and antiquated dress, cannot, despite its ‘aroma’ and the tender memories that have gathered around it, really make the New Testament for the reader of to-day the living reality that it was to its first readers. In this respect the present translation differs altogether in its aim from that of the Revised Version of 1881. No attempt is made in that Version to translate the original into the language of our own time. Its authors state in their preface:

“We have faithfully adhered to the rule that the alterations to be introduced should be expressed, as far as possible, in the language of the Authorized Version, or of the Versions that preceded it.” Our constant effort, on the contrary, has been to exclude all words

and phrases not used in current English. We have, however, followed the modern practice of using an older phraseology in the rendering of poetical passages, and of quotations from the Old Testament, and in the language of prayer. ^note

The translation of 1611, known as the “Authorized Version,” was the outcome of many successive revisions of the translation completed by Tyndale in 1534, which was, at least to some extent, founded on that completed by Wycliffe about 1380. Further, the last named translation was not made from the original Greek, but from the Latin Version, known as the Vulgate. The present translation is not a revision of any previous one, but is made directly from the Greek. Nor is it a paraphrase. A paraphrase might be useful as a help to the interpretation of the New Testament, but it would not be the New Testament itself. Yet, on the other hand, our work is more than a verbal translation. No purely verbal rendering can ever adequately represent the thoughts conveyed in the idioms of another language. In this translation, not only has every word been carefully weighed, but also the emphasis placed upon every word, and the effort has been made to give the exact force and meaning in idiomatic modern English. ^note

Since the publication of the Authorized Version of 1611, more than 1,500 manuscripts of the whole or of parts of the New Testament have been discovered or have become accessible, and among them are the three oldest and most important. The Greek text here translated, that of Westcott and Hort, is mainly founded on the oldest manuscripts, and may be said to represent that form of the text of the New Testament which was generally in use in the Church at the end of the Third Century. ^note

A large amount of time and care has been expended upon those passages of the gospels which record the same, or similar, events or discourses, in order to show the remarkable similarities, and the no less remarkable divergences, which abound in them. Such passages are common in the first three gospels, while in the fourth they are more numerous than is generally supposed. Dr. Westcott writes:

“The English reader has a right to expect that he will find in the Revision which is placed in his hands a faithful indication of the verbal agreement or difference between the several narratives.”

In addition to such help as that referred to by Dr. Westcott, the English reader should now be able, to some extent, to study the origins of the gospels, and to discern their relation to a common source. Great advances have been made in the study of this subject since the issue of the Authorized and even of the Revised Version. There are still, however, minute points where such an indication as that required by Dr. Westcott seems impossible.

^note

The numerous and important quotations from the Old Testament are in this translation set out in modern form; but minor quotations (i.e., those not specially introduced as quotations) from the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, the Book of Enoch, and other sources, are placed between single inverted commas; while, at the foot of the pages, references are given to some of the vast number of places, in which the writers consciously or unconsciously borrow the phraseology of the Old Testament. This will enable the reader to see how familiar the writers were with the very words and phrases of the Septuagint Version of the Old Testament, and how insensibly it influenced them in describing the events of their own day. ^note

The names of persons and places we have, as a rule, left in the forms with which English readers have been made familiar by the Authorized and Revised Versions, except where a change in the spelling seemed likely to show the correct pronunciation. ^note

We have attempted to give measures of space and time, the values of coins, and also official titles in their nearest English equivalents. ^note

A few passages, numbering fourteen in all, will be found placed between square brackets. These are judged by Westcott and Hort “not to have originally formed part of the work in which they occur,” but to be “stray relics from the Apostolic or sub-Apostolic age.” The three most mportant of these will be found at pages 39 and 210. ^note

The order, in which the Books and Letters of the New Testament appear in this translation, is due to the desire not to inconvenience a reader, familiar with the old order, more than is necessary, but, at the same time, to make an advance in the direction of such a chronological arrangement, as modern research has rendered possible. Three main divisions have been adopted suggested by the character of the books—Historical Books, Letters, and an Apocalypse; and, in the sub-divisions, the Letters have been grouped under the names of those writers to whom they have been traditionally attributed. Within these sub-divisions the Books and Letters stand in a probable chronological arrangement.

It is certain that our translation will not be acceptable to those who regard any attempt to re-translate the New Testament as undesirable, if not dangerous. It is, nevertheless, hoped that, by this modern translation, the New Testament may become a living reality to many by whom the Authorized Version, with all its acknowledged beauties, is but imperfectly understood or never read.

In this hope, we now commend this translation, which has been undertaken as a labour of love, to the good-will of all English-speaking people, and to the blessing of Almighty God. The Translators. September, 1904.

Note.

The ‘Tentative Edition’ of this Translation was issued in three parts between 1898 and 1901. In that Edition we endeavoured to discover what was practicable in a modern translation of the New Testament, before issuing a permanent edition. This Revision of our Translation, rendered necessary by the large demand for our ‘Tentative Edition’ in every part of the English-speaking world, amounts practically to a careful re-translation made in the light of experience derived from our previous attempts, and of the many valuable criticisms that have been received.

THE ORDER OF THE BOOKS AND LETTERS AS ARRANGED IN THIS TRANSLATION.

PAGE Mark3 Matthew41 Luke101 John163 Acts211 James273 I. Thessalonians281 II. Thessalonians289 Galatians295 I. Corinthians307 II. Corinthians331 Romans349 Colossians375 Philemon383 Ephesians387 Philippians397 I. Timothy405 II. Timothy415 Titus423 Hebrews429 I. Peter451 II. Peter461 Jude469 I. John475 II. John485 III. John489 Revelation493

CONTENTS. A.—THE HISTORICAL BOOKS. I.—THE GOSPELS. (1). THE SYNOPTICAL GOSPELS. (a). ACCORDING TO MARK.

I.—The Preparation. Chap. 1. 1—13.PAGE The Baptist and his Message5 The Baptism of Jesus5 The Temptation of Jesus5 II.—The Work in Galilee. Chaps. 1. 14—9. 50. Jesus begins his Work6 The first Disciples6 Cure of a possessed Man6 Cure of Peter's Mother-in-law and of many others6 Jesus retires for Prayer7 Cure of a Leper7 Cure of a paralyzed Man7 Call of Levi8 The Disciples blamed for not observing the Law8 Cure of a Man with a Withered Hand9 Cures by the Lake-side9 The twelve Apostles10 Jesus and his Relations10 Jesus accused of Acting by the Help of Satan10 The true Brotherhood10 Parable of the Sower10 Lesson from a Lamp11 Parable of the Seed growing unobserved12 Parable of the Mustard Seed12 Jesus stills a Storm12 Cure of a Madman12 The Raising of the Daughter of Jaeirus13 Cure of an afflicted Woman14 Jesus teaches at Nazareth15 The Mission of the twelve Apostles15 The Death of the Baptist15 The Return of the Apostles16 Jesus feeds five thousand by the Lake of Galilee16

ACCORDING TO MARK—Cont. The Work in Galilee—Cont.PAGE Jesus walks on the Water17 Jesus at Gennesaret17 The Disciples blamed for neglecting Ceremonies17 Cure of a Syrian Girl near Tyre18 Cure of a deaf Mute19 Jesus feeds four thousand19 Warning against the Teaching of the Pharisees20 Cure of a blind Man at Bethsaida20 Peter's Confession of the Christ20 Jesus foretells his Death21 A Call to renounce Self21 The Transfiguration21 A Question about Elijah21 Cure of an epileptic Boy22 Jesus a second time foretells his Death23 Jesus teaches at Capernaum— On Humility23 On Toleration23 Against hindering Others23 III.—The Journey to Jerusalem. Chap. 10. 1—52. A Question about Divorce24 Jesus blesses little Children24 The Responsibilities of Wealth24 Jesus a third time foretells his Death25 The Request of James and John26 The Dignity of Service26 Cure of blind Bartimaeus26 IV.—The Last Days. Chaps. 11. 1—15. 47. Jesus enters Jerusalem27 The fruitless Fig Tree27 Jesus in the Temple27 Jesus and the Chief Priests28 Parable of the wicked Tenants28 A Question about Tribute29 A Question about the Resurrection29 The Great Commandment30 Christ the Son of David30 Warnings against the Teachers of the Law31 The Widow's Offering31 Jesus foretells the Destruction of the Temple and the End of the Age31 The Need for Watchfulness32 The Plot against Jesus33 Jesus anointed by a Woman at Bethany33 Judas agrees to betray Jesus33 The Passover33 The ‘Lord's Supper’34 Peter's Fall foretold34 Jesus in Gethsemane34

ACCORDING TO MARK—Cont. The Last Days—Cont.PAGE The Arrest of Jesus35 Jesus before the High Priest35 Peter disowns Jesus36 Jesus before the Roman Governor36 The Crucifixion of Jesus37 The Death of Jesus38 The Burial of Jesus38 V.—The Risen Life Announced. Chap. 16. 1—20. The Resurrection of Jesus39 A Late Appendix39 Another Appendix40 (b). ACCORDING TO MATTHEW. I.—The Birth, Parentage, and Infancy. Chaps. 1. 1—2. 23. The Ancestors of Jesus43 The Birth of Jesus44 The Visit of the Astrologers45 The Flight into Egypt45 II.—The Preparation. Chaps. 3. 1—4. 11. The Baptist and his Message46 The Baptism of Jesus47 The Temptation of Jesus47 III.—The Work in Galilee. Chaps. 4. 12—18. 35. Jesus settles at Capernaum48 Jesus begins his Work48 The first Disciples48 Jesus preaches in Galilee The Sermon on the Mount— The Happy49 A real Disciple of Jesus49 Lesson from a Lamp49 The old Law and the new—on Anger50 on Impurity50 on Divorce50 on Oaths51 on Revenge51 on Love51 About Giving51 About Praying52 The ‘Lord's Prayer’52 About Fasting52 The true Treasure52 Light and Darkness52 True Service52 The Cares of Life53 On Judging Others53 Encouragement to Prayer53

ACCORDING TO MATTHEW—Cont. The Work in Galilee—Cont.PAGE The Golden Rule53 The two Roads54 True and false Teachers54 The two Foundations54 Cure of a Leper54 Cure of an Officer's Servant55 Cure of Peter's Mother-in-law and of many others55 Tests of Sincerity55 Jesus stills a Storm56 Cure of two Madmen56 Cure of a paralyzed Man56 Call of Matthew57 Jesus blamed for his Companions57 The Disciples blamed for not Fasting57 The Raising of the Daughter of Jaeirus57 Cure of an afflicted Woman57 Cure of two blind Men58 Cure of a dumb Man58 The Need for Workers58 The twelve Apostles58 The Mission of the twelve Apostles59 The Cost of Christ's Service60 The Baptist's Message to Jesus60 The Testimony of Jesus to the Baptist61 The Doom of the Towns of Galilee61 The Child-like Mind62 Jesus invites the Weary62 The Disciples blamed for not observing the Law62 Cure of a man with a withered Hand62 Cure of a blind and dumb Man63 Jesus accused of Acting by the Help of Satan63 Words a Test of Character64 Warning against seeking Signs64 Danger of imperfect Reformation64 The true Brotherhood64 Parable of the Sower65 Parable of the Tares66 Parable of the Mustard Seed66 Parable of the Leaven66 Parable of the Tares explained67 Parable of the Treasure67 Parable of the Pearl67 Parable of the Net67 New and Old Truths67 Jesus teaches at Nazareth67 The Death of the Baptist68 Jesus feeds five thousand by the Lake of Galilee68 Jesus walks on the Water69 Jesus at Gennesaret69 The Disciples blamed for neglecting Ceremonies69

ACCORDING TO MATTHEW—Cont. The Work in Galilee—Cont.PAGE Cure of a Syrian Girl near Tyre70 Jesus cures many Persons71 Jesus feeds four thousand71 Signs of the Times71 Warning against the Teaching of the Pharisees72 Peter's Confession of the Christ72 Jesus foretells his Death72 A Call to renounce Self73 The Transfiguration73 A Question about Elijah73 Cure of an epileptic Boy74 The Power of Faith74 Jesus a second time foretells his Death74 A Question about the Temple-rate74 On Humility75 Against hindering Others75 Parable of the lost Sheep75 On dealing with Wrong-doers75 Encouragement to united Prayer76 Parable of the unforgiving Servant76 IV.—The Journey to Jerusalem. Chaps. 19. 1—20. 34. A Question about Divorce76 Jesus blesses little Children77 The Responsibilities of Wealth77 Parable of the Labourers in the Vineyard78 Jesus a third time foretells his Death79 The Request of the Mother of James and John79 The Dignity of Service79 Cure of two blind Men80 V.—The Last Days. Chaps. 21. 1—27. 66. Jesus enters Jerusalem80 Jesus in the Temple81 The fruitless Fig Tree81 Jesus and the Chief Priests81 Parable of the two Sons82 Parable of the wicked Tenants82 Parable of the Marriage Feast83 A Question about Tribute83 A Question about the Resurrection84 The Great Commandment84 Christ the Son of David85 Warnings against the Teachers of the Law85 Jesus denounces the Pharisees85 Jesus laments the fate of Jerusalem86 Jesus foretells the Destruction of the Temple and the End of the Age87 The Need for Watchfulness88 Parable of the Good and Bad Servants89 Parable of the ten Bridesmaids89

ACCORDING TO MATTHEW—Cont. The Last Days—Cont.PAGE Parable of the Talents89 The Great Judgement90 The Plot against Jesus91 Jesus anointed by a Woman at Bethany91 Judas agrees to betray Jesus92 The Passover92 The ‘Lord's Supper’92 Peter's Fall foretold92 Jesus in Gethsemane93 The Arrest of Jesus93 Jesus before the High Priest94 Peter disowns Jesus95 The End of Judas95 Jesus before the Roman Governor96 The Crucifixion of Jesus96 The Death of Jesus97 The Burial of Jesus98 VI.—The Risen Life. Chap. 28. 1—20. The Resurrection of Jesus98 Jesus appears to the Apostles99 (c). ACCORDING TO LUKE. Dedication. Chap. 1. 1—4103 I.—The Birth, Parentage, Infancy, and Boyhood. Chaps. 1. 5—2. 52. The Birth of the Baptist foretold103 The Birth of Jesus foretold104 Mary's visit to Elizabeth105 The Birth and Circumcision of the Baptist106 The Birth and Circumcision of Jesus107 The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple107 The Boyhood of Jesus108 II.—The Preparation. Chaps. 3. 1—4. 13. The Baptist and his Message109 The Baptism of Jesus110 The Ancestors of Jesus110 The Temptation of Jesus111 III.—The Work in Galilee. Chaps. 4. 14—9. 50. Jesus begins his Work112 Jesus teaches at Nazareth112 Cure of a possessed Man113 Cure of Peter's Mother-in-law and of many others113 Jesus retires to a lonely Place113 The great Catch of Fish114 Cure of a Leper114 Cure of a paralyzed Man115 Call of Levi115

ACCORDING TO LUKE—Cont. The Work in Galilee—Cont.PAGE Jesus blamed for his Companions115 The Disciples blamed for not observing the Law115 Cure of a Man with a withered Hand116 The twelve Apostles117 The Sermon on the Mount— The Happy117 The Unhappy117 The New Law— on Love117 on Revenge117 The Golden Rule117 On judging Others118 True and false Teachers118 The two Foundations118 Cure of an Officer's Servant119 Raising of a Widow's Son119 The Baptist's Message to Jesus119 The Testimony of Jesus to the Baptist120 Jesus anointed by a Woman120 Women who ministered to Jesus121 Parable of the Sower121 Lesson from a Lamp122 The true Brotherhood122 Jesus stills a Storm123 Cure of a Madman123 The raising of the Daughter of Jaeirus124 Cure of an afflicted Woman124 The Mission of the twelve Apostles125 Herod and the Baptist125 The Return of the Apostles125 Jesus feeds five thousand by the Lake of Galilee125 Peter's Confession of the Christ126 Jesus foretells his Death126 A Call to renounce Self126 The Transfiguration126 Cure of an epileptic Boy127 Jesus a second time foretells his Death127 On Humility127 On Toleration127 IV.—The Journey to Jerusalem. Chaps. 9. 51—19. 28. Tests of Sincerity128 The Mission of the Seventy128 The Doom of the Towns of Galilee129 The Return of the Seventy129 The Child-like Mind129 The Great Commandment129 The Good Samaritan130 The Sisters of Bethany130 The ‘Lord's Prayer’131

ACCORDING TO LUKE—Cont. The Journey to Jerusalem—Cont.PAGE Persistence in Prayer131 Encouragement to Prayer131 Cure of a dumb Man131 Jesus accused of Acting by the Help of Satan131 Danger of imperfect Reformation132 Warning against seeking Signs132 Lesson from a Lamp132 Light and Darkness132 Jesus denounces the Pharisees132 A Plot against Jesus133 Warnings and Encouragements133 Instances of Covetousness134 The Cares of Life134 The true Treasure135 Watchfulness135 Parable of the good and bad Servants135 The Cost of Christ's Service136 Signs of the Times136 The Settlement of Disputes136 The Meaning of Calamities136 The barren Fig Tree136 A Woman healed on the Sabbath137 Parable of the Mustard Seed137 Parable of the Leaven137 The narrow Door137 A Message to Herod Antipas138 Jesus laments the Fate of Jerusalem138 Cure of a dropsical Man138 Lessons on Humility and Hospitality139 Parable of the great Dinner139 The Cost of Self-denial140 A real Disciple of Jesus140 Parable of the lost Sheep140 Parable of the lost Coin140 Parable of the lost Son141 Parable of the dishonest Steward142 True Service142 Jesus rebukes the Pharisees142 Parable of the rich Man and Lazarus143 Against hindering Others143 On dealing with Wrong-doers143 The Power of Faith143 Duty143 Jesus heals ten Lepers144 The Coming of the Kingdom144 Parable of the corrupt Judge145 Parable of the Pharisee and the Tax-gatherer145 Jesus blesses little Children145 The Responsibilities of Wealth146 Jesus a third time foretells his Death146

ACCORDING TO LUKE—Cont. The Journey to Jerusalem—Cont.PAGE Cure of a blind Man147 Zacchaeus the Tax-gatherer147 Parable of the Pounds147 V.—The Last Days. Chaps. 19. 29—23. 56. Jesus enters Jerusalem148 Jesus in the Temple149 Jesus and the Chief Priests149 Parable of the wicked Tenants150 A Question about Tribute150 A Question about the Resurrection151 Christ the Son of David151 Warnings against the Teachers of the Law152 The Widow's Offering152 Jesus foretells the Destruction of the Temple and the End of the Age152 The Need for Watchfulness153 The Plot against Jesus154 Judas agrees to betray Jesus154 The Passover154 The ‘Lord's Supper’154 The Dignity of Service155 Peter's Fall foretold155 The End at Hand155 Jesus on the Mount of Olives155 The Arrest of Jesus156 Jesus before the High Priest156 Peter disowns Jesus156 Jesus before the Chief Priests157 Jesus before the Roman Governor157 Jesus before Herod157 Jesus again before the Roman Governor158 The Crucifixion of Jesus158 The penitent Robber159 The Death of Jesus159 The Burial of Jesus159 VI.—The Risen Life. Chap. 24. 1—53. The Resurrection of Jesus160 Jesus appears on the road to Emmaus160 Jesus appears to the Apostles161 Jesus ascends to Heaven162 (2). A LATER GOSPEL. ACCORDING TO JOHN. Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—18165 I.—The Preparation. Chap. 1. 19—51. The Testimony of the Baptist to Jesus166 The first Disciples of Jesus167

ACCORDING TO JOHN—Cont. II.—The Work in Judaea, Galilee, and Samaria. Chaps. 2. 1—11. 57.PAGE Jesus at a Wedding at Cana168 Jesus at Capernaum168 Jesus at the Temple in Jerusalem168 The Visit of Nicodemus to Jesus169 The Baptist's Testimony to Jesus in Judaea170 Jesus and the Woman of Samaria171 Jesus cures an Officer's Son in Galilee173 Jesus cures a Cripple in Jerusalem on the Sabbath173 Jesus defends his Action and explains his Mission174 Jesus feeds five thousand by the Lake of Galilee175 Jesus walks on the Water176 Jesus teaches at Capernaum— The Bread of Life176 Jesus and his Brothers179 Jesus teaches at the Festival of Tabernacles in Jerusalem179 The ‘Living Water’180 The ‘Light of the World’181 Jesus defends his Mission and Authority181 Jesus cures a Man born blind183 The ‘Good Shepherd’185 Jesus at the Re-dedication Festival186 Jesus retires beyond the Jordan187 Jesus raises Lazarus to Life at Bethany187 The Chief Priests plot the Death of Jesus189 Jesus retires to Ephraim190 III.—The Last Days. Chaps. 12. 1—19. 42. Jesus anointed by Mary at Bethany190 Jesus publicly enters Jerusalem for the Last Time191 Jesus closes his public Ministry191 Jesus washes the Disciples' Feet193 Jesus points out the Betrayer194 Jesus teaches his Disciples privately— The New Commandment194 The Way195 The Helper195 The Vine and the Branches196 The World and the Spirit of Truth197 Words of Farewell198 The Prayer of Jesus199 Jesus in Gethsemane200 The Arrest of Jesus201 Peter disowns Jesus201 Jesus before the High Priest201 Jesus before the Roman Governor202 The Crucifixion of Jesus204 The Death of Jesus204 The Burial of Jesus205

ACCORDING TO JOHN—Cont. IV.—The Risen Life. Chaps. 20. 1—21. 25.PAGE The Resurrection of Jesus205 Jesus appears to Mary206 Jesus appears to the Apostles206 Jesus appears to Thomas207 The Object of this Gospel207 A later Appearance of Jesus207 Jesus' last Words to Peter208 Conclusion209 A Passage about an Adulteress210 II.—THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES. ACTS OF APOSTLES. I.—The Church and the Jews. Chaps. 1. 1—12. 25. Doings of the Apostles Peter and John— Introduction213 Ascension of Jesus213 The Apostles in Jerusalem214 Appointment of Matthias214 The Gift of the Holy Spirit215 Peter's Address215 Early Days of the Christian Society217 Cure of a lame Beggar217 Peter's Address in the Temple218 Peter and John before the Council219 The Common Fund220 Punishment of Ananias and Sapphira221 Miracles done by the Apostles221 Peter and John again before the Council222 Appointment of ‘The Seven’223 Stephen's Ministry and Trial224 Stephen's Defence224 Stephen's Martyrdom227 The First Persecution227 Philip's Ministry in Samaria227 Peter and John at Samaria228 Philip and the Abyssinian228 Saul's Conversion229 Saul at Damascus230 Saul at Jerusalem and Tarsus231 Peter's Miracles at Lydda and Jaffa231 Peter and Cornelius232 First Conversion of Gentiles234 Peter's Defence of his Action234 ‘Christians’ at Antioch235 Errand of Barnabas and Saul to Judaea236 Persecution of the Church by Herod Agrippa I.236 Herod's Death237

ACTS OF APOSTLES—Cont. II.—The Church and the Gentiles. Chaps. 13. 1—28. 31.PAGE Doings of the Apostle Paul— Paul's first Missionary Journey— The Start from Antioch237 Paul and Barnabas at Cyprus238 Paul and Barnabas at Pisidian Antioch238 Paul and Barnabas at Iconium240 Paul and Barnabas at Lystra241 Paul and Barnabas return to Pisidian Antioch241 Paul and Barnabas again at Syrian Antioch242 The Council at Jerusalem242 Paul's second Missionary Journey— Paul separates from Barnabas244 Paul joined by Timothy at Lystra244 Paul determines to cross to Macedonia245 Paul at Philippi245 Paul at Thessalonica246 Paul at Beroea247 Paul at Athens247 Paul at Corinth249 Paul's Return249 Paul's third Missionary Journey— Tour in Galatia250 Apollos250 Paul at Ephesus250 Paul plans to visit Jerusalem and Rome251 The Riot at Ephesus251 Paul again in Greece and Macedonia252 Paul at Troas253 Paul at Miletus253 Paul at Tyre254 Paul at Caesarea255 Paul arrives at Jerusalem255 Paul's Arrest256 Paul's Defence to the People of Jerusalem257 Paul's claim as a Roman Citizen258 Paul before the High Council of the Jews258 The Plot against Paul259 Paul sent to Caesarea260 Paul before Felix260 Paul before Festus262 Paul before Herod Agrippa II.263 Paul's Voyage to Rome265 Paul is shipwrecked267 Paul at Malta267 Paul's Voyage to Rome continued268 Paul at Rome268

B.—THE LETTERS. I.—THE LETTER ATTRIBUTED TO ST. JAMES. FROM JAMES. PAGE I.—Greeting. Chap. 1. 1275 II.—Advice upon Various Subjects. Chap. 1. 2—27. Trials275 Lack of Wisdom275 Wealth and Poverty275 Temptation275 True Religion276 III.—Warning upon Various Subjects. Chaps. 2. 1—5. 6. On the Treatment of the Poor276 On ‘Faith and Works’277 On the Control of the Tongue278 Against false Wisdom278 Against Party-Strife278 Against Presumption279 Against Oppression279 IV.—Concluding Exhortations. Chap. 5. 7—20. Christian Patience280 Against Oaths280 The Power of Prayer280 The Blessedness of Saving a Soul280 II.—THE LETTERS ATTRIBUTED TO ST. PAUL. (1). AN EARLY GROUP. (a). TO THE THESSALONIANS.—I. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1. Greeting283 II.—The Apostle and his Converts. Chaps. 1. 2—3. 13. His Thankfulness for their Faith and its Influence283 His Life among them284 Their Persecution by their Fellow-citizens284 Frustrated Plans285 Timothy's Mission285 The Apostle's Prayer for his Converts285 III.—Advice upon the Daily Life. Chap. 4. 1—12. Warning against Immorality286 Brotherly Love286 The Duty of Work286 IV.—The Dead in Christ at the Coming of the Lord. Chaps. 4. 13—5. 11. The Living and the Dead286 The Time of the Lord's Coming287 The Necessity for Watchfulness287

TO THE THESSALONIANS.—I.—Cont. V.—Conclusion. Chap. 5. 12—28.PAGE Final Counsels287 Farewell288 (b). TO THE THESSALONIANS.—II. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—2. Greeting291 II.—The Apostle and his Converts. Chap. 1. 3—12. His Thankfulness and Confidence291 His Prayer for them292 III.—Events that must precede the Lord's Coming. Chap. 2. 1—17. The ‘Man of Sin’ and the ‘Great Apostasy’292 The Need for Stedfastness292 IV.—Conclusion. Chap. 3. 1—18. Mutual Prayer293 The Duty of Work293 The Apostle's Autograph Farewell293 (2). THE MAIN GROUP. (a). TO THE GALATIANS. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—10. Greeting297 The Apostle's Disappointment297 II.—The Independence of the Apostle's Gospel. Chaps. 1. 11—2. 14. Its Special Revelation297 His Special Call298 His independent Action298 His Rebuke to Peter299 III.—The Law and the Gospel. Chaps. 2. 15—4. 31. The Failure of the Law299 The Galatians misled as to the Law299 Faith, not Law, the Ground of Acceptance300 The Purpose of the Law301 The Effect of the Gospel301 The retrograde Spirit of the Galatians301 The Apostle and his Converts302 An Allegory of the Law and the Gospel302 IV.—The Gospel in the Daily Life. Chaps. 5. 1—6. 10. Christian Freedom303 The Limits of Christian Freedom303 The Guidance of the Spirit303 V.—Conclusion in the Apostle's own Hand-writing. Chap. 6. 11—18305

(b). TO THE CORINTHIANS.—I. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—9.PAGE Greeting309 The Apostle's Thankfulness and Confidence309 II.—The State of the Church at Corinth. Chaps. 1. 10— 6. 20. Prevalence of Party Spirit309 The Power of the Cross310 ‘Weakness’ and ‘Strength’310 Philosophy and Revelation311 The true Position and Work of the Apostles312 A flagrant case of Immorality314 Lawsuits between Christians314 The Sacredness of the Body315 III.—Answers to Questions asked by the Church at Corinth. Chaps. 7. 1—14. 40. On Marriage— The Apostle's Views315 Marriages with Unbelievers316 Christianity independent of Conditions of Life316 Difficulties connected with Marriage317 On Heathen Festivals— A Question of Conscience318 The Apostle's Example318 A Warning from History320 The Apostle's Conclusions320 On Public Worship— As to Covering the Head321 As to the ‘Lord's Supper’322 On Spiritual Gifts— Their Variety and Unity323 Love the greatest of all324 The Gift of the ‘Tongues’ and the Gift of Preaching324 The Necessity for Order326 IV.—The Apostle's Teaching as to the Resurrection of the Dead. Chap. 15. 1—58327 V.—Conclusion. Chap. 16. 1—24. The Collection for the Poor at Jerusalem329 The Apostle's Plans329 Timothy330 Apollos330 Exhortations330 Farewells330 The Apostle's own Farewell330 (c). TO THE CORINTHIANS.—II. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—11. Greeting333 The Apostle's Thanksgiving for Encouragement333

TO THE CORINTHIANS.—II.—Cont. II.—The Apostle's Relations with his Converts. Chaps. 1. 12—3. 3.PAGE The Purity of his Motives334 The Postponement of his Visit334 His Converts the Vindication of his Ministry335 III.—The Ministry of the Apostles. Chaps. 3. 4—6. 10. The Glory of the Gospel contrasted with the Glory of the Law335 The Weakness of the Apostles336 Christ their Motive and Strength337 IV.—The Apostle and his Converts. Chaps. 6. 11—7. 16. His Appeal for their Love339 His Warning against Heathen Influences339 His Anxieties and Encouragements339 V.—The Palestine Famine Fund. Chaps. 8. 1—9. 15. The Example of the Macedonian Churches340 The Completion of the Collection at Corinth341 Titus and others to assist341 The Spirit in which to make the Collection342 VI.—The Apostle's Claims and Authority. Chaps. 10. 1— 12. 10. The Assertion of his Authority342 His Right as an Apostle343 His Claims for Consideration; his Life and Work344 His Visions345 VII.—Conclusion. Chaps. 12. 11—13. 14. A Remonstrance346 A Defence346 A Warning346 Farewells347 (d). TO THE ROMANS. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—13. The Apostle's Greeting351 The Apostle's Thankfulness and Hope351 II.—Faith the One Ground of Acceptance with God. Chaps. 1. 14—5. 21. The Divine Ideal for Mankind352 Failure of the Gentile to reach this Ideal352 Failure of the Jew to reach this Ideal353 The One Hope for Jew and Gentile alike354 Faith the Ground of Acceptance before the Coming of the Law356 Results of attaining the Divine Ideal357 The Divine Ideal recovered in the Christ358

TO THE ROMANS—Cont. III.—Consideration of Difficulties arising from this Teaching. Chaps. 6. 1—8. 39.PAGE Is this Faith consistent with a Sinful Life?358 Can Law deliver from a Sinful Life?359 God's Deliverance through the Christ and the Holy Spirit361 IV.—The Jews' Rejection of the Christ. Chaps. 9. 1—11. 36. The Apostle's Lament over Israel363 The Justice of Israel's Rejection by God363 The Cause of Israel's Rejection364 The merciful Purpose in Israel's Rejection366 V.—Advice upon the Daily Life of Christian. Chaps. 12. 1—15. 21. On Christian Sacrifice368 On Christian Membership368 On Christian Duties368 On Obedience to the Authorities369 On Brotherly Love369 On the Approach of ‘The Day’370 On Consideration for the Scrupulous370 On the Reception of the Gentiles371 VI.—Conclusion. Chaps. 15. 22—16. 27. Personal Plans372 The Bearer of the Letter373 Personal Greetings373 A Doxology374 (3). THE GROUP WRITTEN DURING THE ROMAN IMPRISONMENT. (a). TO THE COLOSSIANS. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—12. Greeting377 The Apostle's Thankfulness and Prayer377 II.—The Person and Work of the Christ. Chap. 1. 13—29. His Deliverance378 His Pre-eminence378 His Reconciliation378 The Apostle's Share in this Work378 III.—Christ and the Gnostic Teaching. Chaps. 2. 1—3. 4. The Wisdom of God in Christ379 Union with Christ379 This Union obscured by Gnostic Teaching379 Sharing Christ's Death380 Sharing Christ's Resurrection380

TO THE COLOSSIANS—Cont. IV.—The Gospel in the Daily Life. Chaps. 3. 5—4. 6.PAGE The Old Life and the New380 Christian Family Life381 Rules for Christian Life381 V.—Conclusion. Chap. 4. 7—18. The Bearers of the Letter381 Personal Greetings and Messages382 The Apostle's own Farewell382 (b). TO PHILEMON. I.—Introduction. 1—3385 II.—The Apostle's Request concerning a run-away Slave. 4—22385 III.—Messages and Blessing. 23—25386 (c). TO THE EPHESIANS. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—14. Greeting389 The Apostle's Ascription of Praise389 II.—The Power of God displayed in Christ, the Head of the Church. Chaps. 1. 15—2. 22. Prayer for Knowledge of this Power390 This Power displayed in the Resurrection of Christ390 This Power displayed in the Conversion of the Gentiles390 This Power displayed in the Union of Jew and Gentile within the Church391 III.—The Apostle's Divine Commission to the Gentiles. Chap. 3. 1—21. The Gospel made known to the Church through the Apostle391 The Gospel made known to the Heavenly Powers through the Church392 Prayer that the Church may comprehend this Gospel392 Doxology392 IV.—The Gospel and the Daily Life. Chaps. 4. 1—6. 20. Unity in Christ392 The New Life and the Old393 Precepts for the Daily Life394 Christian Family Life395 The Christian's Armour396 V.—Conclusion. Chap. 6. 21—24396

(d). TO THE PHILIPPIANS. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—11.PAGE Greeting399 The Apostle's Thankfulness and Prayer399 II.—The Apostle in Prison at Rome. Chap. 1. 12—26. The Results of his Imprisonment399 The Spread of the Gospel400 Life or Death400 III.—The Christian Life. Chaps. 1. 27—2. 18. Unity400 Humility401 The Great Example401 Following this Example401 IV.—Personal Plans. Chaps. 2. 19—3. 1. Timothy401 Epaphroditus402 V.—Judaism and Christianity. Chap. 3. 2—21. The Apostle's Warning402 The Apostle's Experience402 The Apostle's Example403 VI.—Conclusion. Chap. 4. 1—23. Exhortations403 The Gift from Philippi404 Farewell404 (4). A LATE GROUP OF PASTORAL LETTERS. (a). TO TIMOTHY.—I. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—20. Greeting407 Warning against False Teaching407 The Apostle's Thankfulness for his Call to the Ministry408 His Charge to Timothy408 II.—General Directions on Church-Matters. Chaps. 2. 1— 3. 13. Public Prayer408 Public Testimony408 Public Worship408 Presiding Officers409 Assistant Officers409 III.—Special Directions to Timothy. Chaps. 3. 14—6. 2. On Dealing with False Teachers410 On the Development of his Powers410 On his Relations with those under his Care411 On the Provision for Widows411 As to the Officers of the Church411 On various Subjects412 As to Slaves412

TO TIMOTHY.—I.—Cont. IV.—Conclusion. Chap. 6. 3—21PAGE False Teaching412 True Wealth412 Personal Exhortations413 Blessing413 (b). TO TIMOTHY.—II. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—18. Greeting417 An Appeal to Timothy417 Onesiphorus418 II.—Injunctions to Timothy. Chaps. 2. 1—4. 8. The Service of the Good News418 The Danger of Controversy418 Impending Evils419 III.—Conclusion. Chap. 4. 9—22. Personal Messages420 Farewells and Blessing421 (c). TO TITUS. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—4. Greeting425 II.—The Mission of Titus in Crete. Chaps. 1. 5—3. 11. The Appointment of Officers of the Church425 On Dealing with False Teachers426 On his Relations with those under his Care426 The inspiring Motive426 Directions as to his Teaching427 III.—Conclusion. Chap. 3. 12—15. Farewell Messages, and Blessing427 III.—THE ANONYMOUS LETTER TO HEBREWS. TO HEBREWS. I.—The Paramount Position of the Christ as the Mediator of the New Revelation. Chaps. 1. 1—6. 20. His Superiority to Angels431 His Superiority to Moses and Joshua433 His Superiority to Aaron435 The Superiority of the Christian's Position436 II.—The Paramount Priesthood of the Christ. Chaps. 7. 1—8. 13. Parallel with the Priesthood of Melchizedek437 Superior to the Levitical Priesthood439

TO HEBREWS—Cont. III.—The Superiority of the New Revelation to the Old. Chaps. 9. 1—10. 18.PAGE As regards its Sanctuary440 As regards its Power to purify440 As regards its High Priest441 As regards its Sacrifices441 IV.—Encouragement and Warning based on the previous Teaching. Chap. 10. 19—39442 V.—Heroes of Faith. Chaps. 11. 1—12. 13. The Power of their Faith444 The Encouragement of their Endurance446 The Purpose of Discipline446 VI.—Conclusion. Chaps. 12. 14—13. 25. Exhortations447 Warnings447 Certain Christian Virtues448 Loyalty to Christ and the Leaders in the Church448 Final Requests, Messages, and Blessing448 IV.—THE LETTERS ATTRIBUTED TO ST. PETER. (a). FROM PETER.—I. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—2. Greeting453 II.—The Christian's Hope of Salvation. Chap. 1. 3—12453 III.—The Christian's Character. Chaps. 1. 13—2. 10. Holiness of Life454 Brotherly Love454 Innocence455 Consecration455 IV.—Practical Exhortations in view of the Dangers of the Times. Chaps. 2, 11—4. 19. The Necessity of setting a good Example455 Submission to the Civil Authorities455 The Duty of Servants456 The Relations between Husbands and Wives456 Christian Sympathy and Forbearance456 Endurance after the Example of Christ457 Renunciation of the Heathen Life457 Self-control, Love and Service458 The Ordeal of Suffering458 V.—Conclusion. Chap. 5. 1—14. Special Exhortations458 General Exhortations459 Messages and Blessing459

(b). FROM PETER.—II. I.—Introduction. Chap. 1. 1—11.PAGE Greeting463 Christian Privileges and Christian Life463 II.—The Transfiguration and the ‘Second Coming’ of the Christ. Chap. 1. 12.—21464 III.—Warning against separating Christianity from a Holy Life. Chap. 2. 1—22464 IV.—A Re-assertion of the ‘Second Coming’ of the Christ. Chap. 3. 1—18. Long-delayed but certain466 ‘The Day of the Lord’466 The needful Preparation466 V.—THE LETTER ATTRIBUTED TO ST. JUDE. FROM JUDE. I.—Introduction. 1—2. Greeting471 II.—Warnings against the moral Corruption introduced by false Teachers. 3—23. The Object of the Letter471 The false Teachers and their certain Doom471 A Christian's Attitude towards these Teachers472 III.—Ascription. 24.473 VI.—THE LETTERS ATTRIBUTED TO ST. JOHN. (a). FROM JOHN.—I. I.—The Immortal Life. Chaps. 1. 1—2. 17. Manifested in Christ477 Lived in the Light477 II.—Warnings against Anti-Christ. Chap. 2. 18—29. The Anti-Christs478 The Christian's Consecration479 III.—The Privileges and Duties of God's Children. Chap. 3. 1—24. The Father's Love479 The Children's Lives479 Love of ‘The Brethren’480 IV.—True and False Inspiration. Chap. 4. 1—6. The Test of Inspiration481 V.—Love of God and Love of Man. Chap. 4. 7—21481

FROM JOHN.—I.—Cont. VI.—A Christian's Faith and Confidence. Chap. 5. 1—21.PAGE Faith482 The Three-fold Testimony482 Confidence482 (b). FROM JOHN.—II. (c). FROM JOHN.—III. C.—AN APOCALYPSE. THE REVELATION OF JOHN. I.—Messages to the Seven Churches. Chaps. 1. 4—3. 22497 II.—The Vision of the Seven Seals. Chaps. 4. 1—8. 1501 III.—The Vision of the Seven Trumpet-Blasts. Chaps. 8. 2— 11. 19506 IV.—The Vision of Seven Symbolical Figures. Chaps. 12. 1—14. 20510 V.—The Vision of the Seven Curses. Chaps. 15. 1—16. 21513 VI.—The Doom of the Enemies of the Christ. Chaps. 17. 1—20. 15515 VII.—The New Creation. Chaps. 21. 1—22. 5520 VIII.—Conclusion. Chap. 22. 6—21522

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