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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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ACT II. SCENE I. A Sea-port Town in Cyprus7 note

. A Platform.
Enter Montano and Two Gentlemen.

Mon.
What from the cape can you discern at sea?

1 Gent.
Nothing at all: it is a high-wrought flood;
I cannot, 'twixt the haven8 note

and the main,
Descry a sail.

-- 291 --

Mon.
Methinks, the wind hath spoke aloud at land;
A fuller blast ne'er shook our battlements:
If it hath ruffian'd so upon the sea9 note

,
What ribs of oak, when mountains melt on them1 note











,

-- 292 --


Can hold the mortise? what shall we hear of this?

2 Gent.
A segregation of the Turkish fleet:
For do but stand upon the foaming shore2 note
,
The chiding billow seems to pelt the clouds;
The wind-shak'd surge, with high and monstrous main,
Seems to cast water on the burning bear,
And quench the guards of the ever-fixed pole3 note

:

-- 293 --


I never did like molestation view,
On th' enchafed flood.

Mon.
If that the Turkish fleet
Be not inshelter'd and embay'd, they are drown'd;
It is impossible they bear it* note out.
Enter a third Gentleman.

3 Gent.
News, lords! our wars are done;
The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks,
That their designment halts: A noble ship† note of Venice
Hath seen a grievous wreck and sufferance
On most part of their fleet.

Mon.
How! is this true?

3 Gent.
The ship is here put in,
A Veronesé; Michael Cassio4 note







,

-- 294 --


Lieutenant to the warlike Moor, Othello,
Is come on shore: the Moor himself's* note at sea,
And is in full commission here for Cyprus.

Mon.
I am glad on't; 'tis a worthy governor.

3 Gent.
But this same Cassio,—though he speak of comfort,

-- 295 --


Touching the Turkish loss,—yet he looks sadly,
And prays the Moor be safe; for they were parted
With foul and violent tempest.

Mon.
'Pray heaven he be;
For I have serv'd him, and the man commands
Like a full soldier5 note
. Let's to the sea-side, ho!
As well to see the vessel that's come in,
As throw out our eyes for brave Othello:
Even till we make the main6 note, and the aerial blue,
An indistinct regard.

3 Gent.
Come, let's do so;
For every minute is expectancy
Of more arrivance* note.
Enter Cassio.

Cas.
Thanks to the valiant of this warlike isle7 note,
That so approve the Moor; O, let the heavens
Give him defence against the elements,
For I have lost him on a dangerous sea!

Mon.
Is he well shipp'd?

Cas.
His bark is stoutly timber'd, and his pilot
Of very éxpert and approv'd allowance8 note


;
Therefore my hopes, not surfeited to death,
Stand in bold cure9 note














.

-- 296 --

[Within.]
A sail, a sail, a sail!
Enter Another Gentleman.

Cas.
What noise?

-- 297 --

4 Gent.
The town is empty; on the brow o'the sea
Stand ranks of people, and they cry—a sail.

Cas.
My hopes do shape him for the governour.

2 Gent.
They do discharge their shot of courtesy: [Guns heard.
Our friends, at least.

Cas.
I pray you, sir, go forth,
And give us truth who 'tis that is arriv'd.

2 Gent.
I shall.
[Exit.

Mon.
But, good lieutenant, is your general wiv'd?

Cas.
Most fortunately: he hath achiev'd a maid
That paragons description, and wild fame;
One that excels the quirks of blazoning pens1 note


,
And in the essential vesture of creation,
Does bear all excellency2 note





























.—How now? who has put in?

-- 298 --

Re-enter Second Gentleman.

2 Gent.
'Tis one Iago, ancient to the general.

-- 299 --

Cas.
He has had most favourable and happy speed:

-- 300 --


Tempests themselves, high seas, and howling winds,
The gutter'd rocks, and congregated sands,—
Traitors ensteep'd3 note





to clog the guiltless keel,
As having sense of beauty, do omit
Their mortal* note natures4 note


, letting go safely by
The divine Desdemona.

-- 301 --

Mon.
What is she?

Cas.
She that I spake of, our great captain's captain5 note
,
Left in the conduct of the bold Iago;
Whose footing here anticipates our thoughts,
A se'nnight's speed.—Great Jove6 note, Othello guard,
And swell his sail with thine own powerful breath;
That he may bless this bay with his tall ship,
Make love's quick pants in Desdemona's arms7 note
,
Give renew'd fire to our extincted spirits,
And bring all Cyprus comfort8 note!—O, behold, Enter Desdemona, Emilia, Iago, Roderigo, and Attendants.
The riches of the ship is come on shore9 note
!
Ye men of Cyprus, let her have your knees:—
Hail to thee, lady! and the grace of heaven,
Before, behind thee, and on every hand,
Enwheel thee round!

Des.
I thank you, valiant Cassio.
What tidings can you tell me of my lord?

Cas.
He is not yet arriv'd: nor know I aught
But that he's well, and will be shortly here.

-- 302 --

Des.
O, but I fear;—How lost you company?

Cas.
The great contention of the sea and skies
Parted our fellowship: But, hark! a sail.
[Cry within, A sail, a sail! Then Guns heard.

2 Gent.
They give their greeting* note to the citadel;
This likewise is a friend.

Cas.
See for the news8 note.— [Exit Gentleman.
Good ancient, you are welcome;—Welcome, mistress:— [To Emilia.
Let it not gall your patience, good Iago,
That I extend my manners; 'tis my breeding
That gives me this bold show of courtesy.
[Kissing her.

Iago.
Sir, would she give you so much of her lips,
As of her tongue she oft bestows on me,
You'd have enough.

Des.
Alas, she has no speech.

Iago.
In faith, too much9 note

;
I find it still, when I have list to sleep:
Marry, before your ladyship, I grant,
She puts her tongue a little in her heart,
And chides with thinking.

Emil.
You have little cause to say so.

Iago.
Come on, come on; you are pictures out of doors,
Bells in your parlours, wild cats in your kitchens,
Saints in your injuries1 note

, devils being offended,

-- 303 --


Players in your housewifery, and housewives in your beds.

Des.
O, fye upon thee, slanderer2 note

!

Iago.
Nay, it is true, or else I am a Turk;
You rise to play, and go to bed to work.

Emil.
You shall not write my praise.

Iago.
No, let me not.

Des.
What would'st thou write of me, if thou should'st praise me?

Iago.
O gentle lady, do not put me to't;
For I am nothing, if not critical3 note



.

-- 304 --

Des.
Come on, assay:—There's one gone to the harbour?

Iago.
Ay, madam.

Des.
I am not merry; but I do beguile
The thing I am, by seeming otherwise.—
Come, how would'st thou praise me?

Iago.
I am about it; but, indeed, my invention
Comes from my pate, as birdlime does from frize4 note
,
It plucks out brains and all: But my muse labours,
And thus she is deliver'd.
If she be fair and wise,—fairness, and wit,
The one's for use, the other useth it.

Des.
Well prais'd! How if she be black and witty?

Iago.
If she be black, and thereto have a wit,
She'll find a white that shall her blackness fit5 note.

Des.
Worse and worse.

Emil.
How, if fair and foolish?

Iago.
She never yet was foolish that was fair6 note



;
For even her folly help'd her to an heir.

-- 305 --

Des.

These are old fond paradoxes, to make fools laugh i'the alehouse. What miserable praise hast thou for her that's foul and foolish?

Iago.
There's none so foul, and foolish thereunto,
But does foul pranks which fair and wise ones do.

Des.

O heavy ignorance!—thou praisest* note the worst best. But what praise could'st thou bestow on a deserving woman indeed7 note? one, that, in the authority of her merit, did justly put on the vouch of very malice itself8 note



?

Iago.
She that was ever fair, and never proud;
Had tongue at will, and yet was never loud;
Never lack'd gold, and yet went never gay;
Fled from her wish, and yet said,—now I may;
She that, being anger'd, her revenge being nigh,
Bade her wrong stay, and her displeasure fly:
She that in wisdom never was so frail,
To change the cod's head for the salmon's tail9 note;

-- 306 --


She that could think, and ne'er disclose her mind,
See suitors following, and not look behind1 note;
She was a wight,—if ever such wight were,—

Des.

To do what?

Iago.
To suckle fools, and chronicle small beer2 note.

Des.

O most lame and impotent conclusion!— Do not learn of him, Emilia, though he be thy husband.—How say you, Cassio? is he not a most profane3 note

and liberal counsellor4 note





?

-- 307 --

Cas.

He speaks home, madam; you may relish him more in the soldier, than in the scholar.

Iago. [Aside.]

He takes her by the palm: Ay, well said, whisper: with* note as little a web as this, will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. Ay, smile upon her, do; I will gyve thee5 note

in thine own courtship. You say true: 'tis so, indeed: if such tricks as these strip you out of your lieutenantry, it had been better you had not kissed your three fingers so oft, which now again you are most apt to play the sir in6 note. Very good; well kissed! an excellent courtesy7 note


!
'tis so indeed. Yet again your fingers to your lips? would, they were clyster-pipes for your sake!—[Trumpet.] The Moor, I know his trumpet.

Cas.

'Tis truly so.

Des.

Let's meet him, and receive him.

Cas.

Lo, where he comes!

-- 308 --

Enter Othello, and Attendants.

Oth.
O my fair warrior8 note





!

Des.
My dear Othello?

Oth.
It gives me wonder great as my content,
To see you here before me. O my soul's joy!
If after every tempest come such calms9 note,
May the winds blow till they have waken'd death!
And let the labouring bark climb hills of seas,
Olympus-high; and duck again as low
As hell's from heaven1 note

! If it were now to die,
'Twere now to be most happy2 note



; for, I fear,

-- 309 --


My soul hath her content so absolute,
That not another comfort like to this
Succeeds in unknown fate.

Des.
The heavens forbid,
But that our loves and comforts should increase,
Even as our days do grow3 note


!

Oth.
Amen to that, sweet powers!—
I cannot speak enough of this content,
It stops me here; it is too much of joy:
And this, and this, the greatest discords be, [Kissing her4 note



.
That e'er our hearts shall make!

Iago.
O, you are well tun'd now!
But I'll set down5 note



the pegs that make this musick,
As honest as I am. [Aside.

-- 310 --

Oth.
Come, let's to the castle.—
News, friends6 note

; our wars are done, the Turks are drown'd.
How do our old acquaintance of this isle?—
Honey, you shall be well desir'd in Cyprus7 note,
I have found great love amongst them. O my sweet,
I prattle out of fashion8 note, and I dote
In mine own comforts.—I pr'ythee, good Iago,
Go to the bay, and disembark my coffers:
Bring thou the master9 note

to the citadel:

-- 311 --


He is a good one, and his worthiness
Does challenge much respect.—Come, Desdemona,
Once more well met at Cyprus. [Exeunt Othello, Desdemona, and Attendants.

Iago.

Do thou meet me presently at the harbour. Come hither* note. If thou be'st valiant as (they say) base men, being in love, have then a nobility in their natures1 note



more than is native to them,—list me. The lieutenant to-night watches on the court of guard2 note



:—First, I must tell thee this—Desdemona
is directly in love with him.

Rod.

With him! why, 'tis not possible.

Iago.

Lay thy finger—thus3 note, and let thy soul be instructed. Mark me with what violence she first loved the Moor, but for bragging, and telling her fantastical lies: And will she love him still for prating4 note? let not thy discreet heart think it. Her eye must be fed; and what delight shall she have

-- 312 --

to look on the devil? When the blood is made dull with the act of sport, there should be,—again to inflame it5 note, and to give satiety a fresh appetite,— loveliness in favour; sympathy in years, manners, and beauties; all which the Moor is defective in: Now, for want of these required conveniences, her delicate tenderness will find itself abused, begin to heave the gorge, disrelish and abhor the Moor; very nature will instruct her in it, and compel her to some second choice. Now, sir, this granted, (as it is a most pregnant and unforced position,) who stands so eminently* note in the degree of this fortune, as Cassio does? a knave very voluble; no further conscionable, than in putting on the mere form of civil and humane seeming6 note, for the better compassing of his salt and most hidden loose affection? [why, none; why, none† note:] A slippery and subtle knave; a finder out of occasions; that has an eye can stamp and counterfeit advantages, though true advantage never present itself: A devilish knave! besides, the knave is handsome, young; and hath all those requisites in him, that folly and green minds7 note look after: A pestilent complete knave; and the woman hath found him already.

Rod.

I cannot believe that in her; she is full of most blessed condition8 note.

Iago.

Blessed fig's end! the wine she drinks is made of grapes: if she had been blessed, she would never have loved the Moor: [Bless'd pudding‡ note!]

-- 313 --

Didst thou not see her paddle with the palm of his hand? [didst not mark that* note?]

Rod.

Yes, that I did; but that was but courtesy.

Iago.

Lechery, by this hand; an index, and obscure prologue to the history of lust and foul thoughts9 note. They met so near with their lips, that their breaths embraced together. Villainous thoughts, Roderigo! when these mutualities so marshal the way, hard at hand comes the master and main exercise, the incorporate conclusion: Pish!— But, sir, be you ruled by me: I have brought you from Venice. Watch you to-night; for the command, I'll lay't upon you: Cassio knows you not;— I'll not be far from you: Do you find some occasion to anger Cassio, either by speaking too loud, or tainting1 note






his discipline; or from what other course2 note you please, which the time shall more favourably minister.

Rod.

Well.

Iago.

Sir, he is rash, and very sudden in choler3 note



;

-- 314 --

and, haply, with his truncheon may strike at you: Provoke him, that he may: for, even out of that, will I cause these of Cyprus to mutiny; whose qualification shall come into no true taste again4 note


, but by the displanting of Cassio. So shall you have a shorter journey to your desires, by the means I shall then have to prefer them5 note; and the impediment most profitably removed, without the which there were no expectation of our prosperity.

Rod.

I will do this, if I can bring it to any opportunity6 note

.

Iago.

I warrant thee. Meet me by and by at the citadel: I must fetch his necessaries ashore. Farewell.

Rod.

Adieu.

[Exit.

Iago.
That Cassio loves her, I do well believe it;
That she loves him, 'tis apt, and of great credit:
The Moor—howbeit that I endure him not,—
Is of a constant, loving, noble nature;
And, I dare think, he'll prove to Desdemona
A most dear husband. Now I do love her too;

-- 315 --


Not out of absolute lust, (though, peradventure,
I stand accountant for as great a sin,)
But partly led to diet my revenge,
For that I do suspect the lusty* note Moor
Hath leap'd into my seat: the thought whereof
Doth, like a poisonous mineral7 note, gnaw my inwards;
And nothing can or shall content my soul,
Till I am even with him8 note





, wife for wife;
Or, failing so, yet that I put the Moor
At least into a jealousy so strong
That judgment cannot cure. Which thing to do,—
If this poor trash of Venice, whom I trash
For his quick hunting, stand the putting on9 note





,

-- 316 --


I'll have our Michael Cassio on the hip1 note;
Abuse him to the Moor in the rank garb2 note









,—

-- 317 --


For I fear Cassio with my night-cap too;
Make the Moor thank me, love me, and reward me,
For making him egregiously an ass,
And practising upon his peace and quiet
Even to madness. 'Tis here, but yet confus'd;
Knavery's plain face is never seen3 note, till us'd. [Exit. SCENE II. A Street. Enter a Herald, with a Proclamation; People following.

Her.

It is Othello's pleasure, our noble and valiant general, that, upon certain tidings now arrived, importing the mere perdition4 note
of the Turkish fleet,
every man put himself into triumph5 note
; some to
dance, some to make bonfires, each man to what sport and revels his addiction6 note leads him; for, besides

-- 318 --

these beneficial news, it is the celebration of his nuptials: So much was his pleasure should be proclaimed. All offices are open7 note




; and there is full liberty of feasting8 note, from this present hour of five, till the bell hath told eleven. Heaven bless the isle of Cyprus, and our noble general, Othello!

[Exeunt. SCENE III. A Hall in the Castle. Enter Othello, Desdemona, Cassio, and Attendants.

Oth.
Good Michael, look you to the guard to-night:
Let's teach ourselves that honourable stop,
Not to out-sport discretion.

Cas.
Iago hath direction what to do;
But, notwithstanding, with my personal eye
Will I look to't.

Oth.
Iago is most honest.
Michael, good night: To-morrow, with our earliest,
Let me have speech with you.—Come, my dear love,
The purchase made, the fruits are to ensue; [To Desdemona.

-- 319 --


That profit's yet to come 'twixt me and you.—
Good night. [Exeunt Oth. Des. and Attend. Enter Iago.

Cas.

Welcome, Iago: We must to the watch.

Iago.

Not this hour, lieutenant; 'Tis not yet ten o'clock: Our general cast us9 note



thus early, for the love of his Desdemona; whom let us not therefore blame; he hath not yet made wanton the night with her: and she is sport for Jove.

Cas.

She's a most exquisite lady.

Iago.

And, I'll warrant her, full of game.

Cas.

Indeed, she is a most fresh and delicate creature.

Iago.

What an eye she has! methinks it sounds a parley of provocation1 note.

Cas.

An inviting eye; and yet methinks right modest.

Iago.

And, when she speaks, is it not an alarm2 note



to love3 note?

-- 320 --

Cas.

She is, indeed, perfection4 note.

Iago.

Well, happiness to their sheets! Come, lieutenant, I have a stoop of wine; and here without are a brace of Cyprus gallants, that would fain have a measure to the health of the black Othello.

Cas.

Not to-night, good Iago; I have very poor and unhappy brains for drinking: I could well wish courtesy would invent some other custom of entertainment.

Iago.

O, they are our friends; but one cup: I'll drink for you.

Cas.

I have drunk but one cup to-night, and that was craftily qualified5 note too, and, behold, what innovation it makes here: I am unfortunate in the infirmity, and dare not task my weakness with any more.

Iago.

What, man! 'tis a night of revels; the gallants desire it.

Cas.

Where are they?

Iago.

Here at the door; I pray you, call them in.

Cas.

I'll do't; but it dislikes me.

[Exit Cassio.

Iago.
If I can fasten but one cup upon him,
With that which he hath drunk to-night already,
He'll be as full of quarrel and offence
As my young mistress' dog. Now, my sick fool, Roderigo,
Whom love has turn'd almost the wrong side outward,
To Desdemona hath to-night carous'd

-- 321 --


Potations pottle deep; and he's to watch:
Three lads of Cyprus6 note,—noble swelling spirits,
That hold their honours in a wary distance,
The very elements7 note of this warlike isle,—
Have I to-night fluster'd with flowing cups,
And they watch too. Now, 'mongst this flock of drunkards,
Am I to put our Cassio in some action
That may offend the isle:—But here they come:
If consequence do but approve my dream8 note,
My boat sails freely, both with wind and stream. Re-enter Cassio, with him Montano, and Gentlemen.

Cas.

'Fore heaven, they have given me a rouse already9 note



.

Mon.

Good faith, a little one; not past a pint, as I am a soldier1 note.

Iago.

Some wine, ho!

-- 322 --



And let me the canakin2 note clink, clink; [Sings.
And let me the canakin clink:
  A soldier's a man;
  A life's but a span3 note
;
Why then let a soldier drink.

Some wine, boys!

[Wine brought in.

Cas.

'Fore heaven, an excellent song.

Iago.

I learned it in England, where (indeed) they are most potent in potting4 note; your Dane, your German5 note


, and your swag-bellied Hollander,— Drink, ho!—are nothing to your English.

Cas.

Is your Englishman so expert in his drinking6 note





?

Iago.

Why, he drinks you, with facility, your Dane dead drunk; he sweats not to overthrow your Almain; he gives your Hollander a vomit, ere the next pottle can be filled.

Cas.

To the health of our general.

-- 323 --

Mon.

I am for it, lieutenant; and I'll do you justice7 note.

Iago.

O sweet England!



King Stephen8 note

was a worthy peer9 note

,
  His breeches cost him but a crown;
He held them sixpence all too dear,
  With that he call'd the tailor—lown1 note.

He was a wight of high renown,
  And thou art but of low degree:
'Tis pride that pulls the country down,
  Then take thine auld cloak about thee.

Some wine, ho!

Cas.

Why, this is a more exquisite song than the other.

Iago.

Will you hear it again?

Cas.

No; for I hold him to be unworthy of his place, that does those things.—Well,—Heaven's above all; and there be souls that must be saved, and there be souls must not be saved.

-- 324 --

Iago.

It's true, good lieutenant.

Cas.

For mine own part,—no offence to the general, nor any man of quality,—I hope to be saved.

Iago.

And so do I too, lieutenant.

Cas.

Ay, but, by your leave, not before me; the lieutenant is to be saved before the ancient. Let's have no more of this; let's to our affairs.—Forgive us our sins!—Gentlemen, let's look to our business. Do not think, gentlemen, I am drunk; this is my ancient;—this is my right hand, and this is my left hand:—I am not drunk now; I can stand well enough, and speak well enough.

All.

Excellent well.

Cas.

Why, very well, then: you must not think then that I am drunk.

[Exit.

Mon.

To the platform, masters; come, let's set the watch.

Iago.
You see this fellow, that is gone before;—
He is a soldier, fit to stand by Cæsar
And give direction: and do but see his vice;
'Tis to his virtue a just equinox,
The one as long as the other: 'tis pity of him.
I fear, the trust Othello puts him in,
On some odd time of his infirmity,
Will shake this island.

Mon.
But is he often thus?

Iago.
'Tis evermore the prologue to his sleep:
He'll watch the horologe a double set2 note









,
If drink rock not his cradle.

-- 325 --

Mon.
It were well,
The general were put in mind of it.
Perhaps, he sees it not; or his good nature
Prizes* note the virtue that appears in Cassio,
And looks not on his evils; Is not this true?
Enter Roderigo.

Iago.
How now, Roderigo? [Aside.
I pray you, after the lieutenant; go.
[Exit Roderigo.

Mon.
And 'tis great pity, that the noble Moor
Should hazard such a place, as his own second,
With one of an ingraft infirmity3 note


:
It were an honest action, to say
So to the Moor.

Iago.
Not I, for this fair island:
I do love Cassio well; and would do much
To cure him of this evil. But hark! what noise?
[Cry within,—Help! help!

-- 326 --

Re-enter Cassio, driving in Roderigo.

Cas.
You rogue! you rascal!

Mon.
What's the matter, lieutenant?

Cas.
A knave!—teach me my duty!
I'll beat the knave into a twiggen bottle4 note.

Rod.
Beat me!

Cas.
Dost thou prate, rogue?
[Striking Roderigo.

Mon.
Nay, good lieutenant; [Staying him.
I pray you, sir, hold your hand.

Cas.
Let me go, sir,
Or I'll knock you o'er the mazzard.

Mon.
Come, come, you're drunk.

Cas.
Drunk!
[They fight.

Iago.
Away, I say! go out, and cry—a mutiny. [Aside to Rod. who goes out.
Nay, good lieutenant,—alas, gentlemen,—
Help, ho!—Lieutenant,—sir,—Montano,—sir;—
Help, masters!—Here's a goodly watch, indeed! [Bell rings.
Who's that that rings the bell?—Diablo5 note

, ho!
The town will rise: God's will, lieutenant! hold;
You will be sham'd for ever. Enter Othello, and Attendants.

Oth.
What is the matter here?

Mon.
'Zounds, I bleed still, I am hurt to the death6 note



.

-- 327 --

Oth.
Hold, for your lives.

Iago.
Hold, hold, lieutenant7 note,—sir, Montano,—gentlemen,—
Have you forgot all sense of place and duty8 note
?
Hold, hold! the general speaks to you; hold, for shame!

Oth.
Why, how now, ho! from whence ariseth this?
Are we turn'd Turks; and to ourselves do that,
Which heaven hath forbid the Ottomites?
For christian shame, put by this barbarous brawl:
He that stirs next to carve forth his own rage9 note



,

-- 328 --


Holds his soul light; he dies upon his motion.—
Silence that dreadful bell1 note

, it frights the isle
From her propriety2 note
.—What is the matter, masters?—
Honest Iago, that look'st dead with grieving,
Speak, who began this? on thy love, I charge thee.

Iago.
I do not know;—friends all but now, even now,
In quarter3 note






, and in terms like bride and groom

-- 329 --


Devesting them for bed: and then, but now,
(As if some planet had unwitted men,)
Swords out, and tilting one at other's breast,
In opposition bloody. I cannot speak
Any beginning to this peevish odds;
And 'would in action glorious I had lost
These legs, that brought me to a part of it!

Oth.
How comes it, Michael, you are thus forgot4 note?

Cas.
I pray you, pardon me, I cannot speak.

Oth.
Worthy Montano, you were wont be civil;
The gravity and stillness of your youth
The world hath noted, and your name is great
In mouths of wisest censure; What's the matter,

-- 330 --


That you unlace5 note


your reputation thus,
And spend your rich opinion6 note, for the name
Of a night-brawler? give me answer to it.

Mon.
Worthy Othello, I am hurt to danger;
Your officer, Iago, can inform you—
While I spare speech, which something now offends me;—
Of all that I do know: nor know I aught
By me that's said or done amiss this night;
Unless self-charity7 note be sometime a vice;
And to defend ourselves it be a sin,
When violence assails us.

Oth.
Now, by heaven,
My blood begins my safer guides to rule;
And passion, having my best judgment collied8 note


,

-- 331 --


Assays to lead the way: If I once stir,
Or do but lift this arm, the best of you
Shall sink in my rebuke. Give me to know
How this foul rout began, who set it on;
And he that is approv'd in this offence9 note,
Though he had twinn'd with me, both at a birth,
Shall lose me.—What! in a town of war,
Yet wild, the people's hearts brimful of fear,
To manage private and domestick quarrel,
In night, and on the court of guard and safety1 note






!

-- 332 --


'Tis monstrous2 note

.—Iago, who began it?

Mon.
If partially affin'd3 note

, or leagu'd in office4 note,
Thou dost deliver more or less than truth,
Thou art no soldier.

Iago.
Touch me not so near:

-- 333 --


I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth5 note,
Than it should do offence to Michael Cassio;
Yet, I persuade myself, to speak the truth
Shall nothing wrong him.—Thus it is, general.
Montano and myself being in speech,
There comes a fellow, crying out for help;
And Cassio following him6 note with determin'd sword,
To execute upon him: Sir, this gentleman
Steps in to Cassio, and entreats his pause;
Myself the crying fellow did pursue,
Lest, by his clamour, (as it so fell out,)
The town might fall in fright: he, swift of foot,
Outran my purpose; and I return'd the rather
For that I heard the clink and fall of swords,
And Cassio high in oath; which, till to-night,
I ne'er might say before: When I came back,
(For this was brief,) I found them close together,
At blow, and thrust; even as again they were,
When you yourself did part them.
More of this matter can I not report:—
But men are men; the best sometimes forget:—
Though Cassio did some little wrong to him,—
As men in rage strike those that wish them best,—
Yet, surely, Cassio, I believe, received,
From him that fled, some strange indignity,
Which patience could not pass.

Oth.
I know, Iago,
Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter,
Making it light to Cassio:—Cassio, I love thee;
But never more be officer of mine.—

-- 334 --

Enter Desdemona, attended.
Look, if my gentle love be not rais'd up;—
I'll make thee an example.

Des.
What's the matter, dear?

Oth.
All's well now, sweeting7 note

; Come away to bed.
Sir, for your hurts,
Myself will be your surgeon: Lead him off8 note. [To Montano, who is led off.
Iago, look with care about the town;
And silence those whom this vile brawl distracted.—
Come, Desdemona; 'tis the soldiers' life,
To have their balmy slumbers wak'd with strife. [Exeunt all but Iago and Cassio.

Iago.

What, are you hurt, lieutenant?

Cas.

Ay, past all surgery.

Iago.

Marry, heaven forbid!

Cas.

Reputation, reputation, reputation! O, I have lost my reputation! I have lost the immortal part, sir, of myself, and what remains is bestial.— My reputation, Iago, my reputation.

Iago.

As I am an honest man, I thought you had received some bodily wound; there is more offence in that, than in reputation9 note. Reputation is an idle

-- 335 --

and most false imposition; oft got without merit, and lost without deserving: You have lost no reputation at all, unless you repute yourself such a loser. What, man! there are ways to recover the general again: You are but now cast in his mood1 note, a punishment more in policy than in malice; even so as one would beat his offenceless dog, to affright an imperious lion: sue to him again, and he's yours.

Cas.

I will rather sue to be despised, than to deceive so good a commander, with so slight2 note, so drunken, and so indiscreet an officer. Drunk? and speak parrot3 note





? and squabble? swagger? swear? and discourse fustian with one's own shadow?—O thou invisible spirit of wine, if thou hast no name to be known by, let us call thee—devil!

Iago.

What was he that you followed with your sword? What had he done to you?

Cas.

I know not.

Iago.

Is it possible?

Cas.

I remember a mass of things, but nothing distinctly; a quarrel, but nothing wherefore.—O, that men should put an enemy in their mouths, to steal away their brains! that we should, with joy,

-- 336 --

revel, pleasure, and applause, transform ourselves into beasts!

Iago.

Why, but you are now well enough: How came you thus recovered?

Cas.

It hath pleased the devil, drunkenness, to give place to the devil, wrath: one unperfectness shows me another, to make me frankly despise myself.

Iago.

Come, you are too severe a moraler: As the time, the place, and the condition of this country stands, I could heartily wish this had not befallen; but, since it is as it is, mend it for your own good.

Cas.

I will ask him for my place again; he shall tell me, I am a drunkard! Had I as many mouths as Hydra, such an answer would stop them all. To be now a sensible man, by and by a fool, and presently a beast! O strange!—Every inordinate cup is unblessed, and the ingredient is a devil.

Iago.

Come, come, good wine is a good familiar creature, if it be well used; exclaim no more against it. And, good lieutenant, I think, you think I love you.

Cas.

I have well approved it, sir.—I drunk!

Iago.

You, or any man living, may be drunk at some time, man. I'll tell you what you shall do. Our general's wife is now the general;—I may say so in this respect, for that he hath devoted and given up himself to the contemplation, mark, and denotement of her parts and graces4 note




:—confess

-- 337 --

yourself freely to her; importune her; she'll help to put you in your place again: she is of so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, that she holds it a vice in her goodness, not to do more than she is requested: This broken joint5 note, between you and her husband, entreat her to splinter; and, my fortunes against any lay6 note

worth naming, this crack of your love shall grow stronger than it was before.

Cas.

You advise me well.

Iago.

I protest, in the sincerity of love, and honest kindness.

Cas.

I think it freely; and, betimes in the morning, I will beseech the virtuous Desdemona to undertake for me: I am desperate of my fortunes, if they check me here.

Iago.

You are in the right. Good night, lieutenant; I must to the watch.

Cas.

Good night, honest Iago.

[Exit Cassio.

Iago.
And what's he then, that says,—I play the villain?
When this advice is free7 note

I give, and honest,
Probal8 note to thinking, and (indeed) the course

-- 338 --


To win the Moor again? For 'tis most easy
The inclining Desdemona9 note to subdue
In any honest suit; she's fram'd as fruitful1 note
As the free elements2 note
. And then for her
To win the Moor,—were't to renounce his baptism,
All seals and symbols of redeemed sin,—
His soul is so enfetter'd to her love,
That she may make, unmake, do what she list,
Even as her appetite shall play the god
With his weak function. How am I then a villain,
To counsel Cassio to this parallel course3 note



,
Directly to his good? Divinity of hell!
When devils will their blackest sins put on,
They do suggest4 note


at first with heavenly shows,
As I do now: For while this honest fool
Plies Desdemona to repair his fortunes,
And she for him pleads strongly to the Moor,

-- 339 --


I'll pour this pestilence5 note into his ear,—
That she repeals him6 note

for her body's lust;
And, by how much she strives to do him good,
She shall undo her credit with the Moor.
So will I turn her virtue into pitch:
And out of her own goodness make the net,
That shall enmesh them all7 note

.—How now, Roderigo? Enter Roderigo.

Rod.

I do follow here in the chace, not like a hound that hunts, but one that fills up the cry. My money is almost spent; I have been to-night exceedingly well cudgelled; and, I think, the issue will be—I shall have so much experience for my pains: and so, with no money at all, and a little more wit8 note, return to Venice.

Iago.
How poor are they, that have not patience!—
What wound did ever heal, but by degrees?
Thou know'st, we work by wit, and not by witchcraft;
And wit depends on dilatory time.
Does't not go well? Cassio hath beaten thee,
And thou, by that small hurt, hast cashier'd Cassio:
Though other things grow fair against the sun,
Yet fruits, that blossom first, will first be ripe9 note


:

-- 340 --


Content thyself a while.—By the mass, 'tis morning1 note;
Pleasure, and action, make the hours seem short.—
Retire thee; go where thou art billeted:
Away, I say; thou shalt know more hereafter:
Nay, get thee gone. [Exit Rod.] Two things are to be done,—
My wife must move for Cassio to her mistress;
I'll set her on;
Myself, the while, to draw2 note

the Moor apart,
And bring him jump when3 note


he may Cassio find

-- 341 --


Soliciting his wife:—Ay, that's the way;
Dull not device by coldness and delay. [Exit.
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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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