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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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SCENE III. Bosworth Field. Enter King Richard, and Forces; the Duke of Norfolk, Earl of Surrey, and Others.

K. Rich.
Here pitch our tents, even here in Bosworth field.—
My lord of Surrey, why look you so sad?

Sur.
My heart is ten times lighter than my looks.

K. Rich.
My lord of Norfolk,—

Nor.
Here, most gracious liege.

K. Rich.
Norfolk, we must have knocks; Ha! must we not?

Nor.
We must both give and take, my loving lord.

K. Rich.
Up with my tent: Here will I lie tonight7 note; [Soldiers begin to set up the King's Tent.
But where, to-morrow?—Well, all's one for that.—
Who hath descried the number of the traitors?

Nor.
Six or seven thousand is their utmost power.

K. Rich.
Why, our battalia trebles that account8 note:

-- 209 --


Besides, the king's name is a tower of strength,
Which they upon the adverse faction want.
Up with the tent.—Come, noble gentlemen,
Let us survey the vantage of the ground;—
Call for some men of sound direction9 note:—
Let's want no discipline, make no delay;
For, lords, to-morrow is a busy day. [Exeunt. Enter, on the other side of the Field, Richmond, Sir William Brandon, Oxford, and other Lords1 note. Some of the Soldiers pitch Richmond's Tent.

Richm.
The weary sun hath made a golden set,
And, by the bright track of his firy car,
Gives token of a goodly day to-morrow.—
Sir William Brandon, you shall bear my standard.—
Give me some ink and paper2 note



in my tent;—

-- 210 --


I'll draw the form and model of our battle,
Limit3 note

each leader to his several charge,
And part in just proportion our small power.
[My lord of Oxford,—you, sir William Brandon,—
And you, sir Walter Herbert, stay with me* note:]
The earl of Pembroke keeps his regiment4 note;—
Good captain Blunt, bear my good night to him,
And by the second hour in the morning
Desire the earl to see me in my tent:—
Yet one thing more, good captain, do for me;
Where is lord Stanley quarter'd, do you know?

Blunt.
Unless I have mista'en his colours much,
(Which, well I am assur'd, I have not done,)
His regiment lies half a mile at least
South from the mighty power of the king.

Richm.
If without peril it be possible,
Sweet Blunt, make some good means5 note
to speak with him† note

,
And give him from me this most needful note.

Blunt.
Upon my life, my lord, I'll undertake it;
And so, God give you quiet rest to-night‡ note!

Richm.
Good night, good captain Blunt. Come, gentlemen,

-- 211 --


Let us consult upon to-morrow's business;
In to my tent, the air is raw6 note and cold. [They withdraw into the Tent. Enter, to his Tent, King Richard, Norfolk, Ratcliff, and Catesby.

K. Rich.
What is't o'clock?

Cate.
It is six o'clock7 note

; full supper time.

K. Rich.
I will not sup to-night.—
Give me some ink and paper.—
What, is my beaver easier than it was?—
And all my armour laid into my tent?

Cate.
It is, my liege; and all things are in readiness.

K. Rich.
Good Norfolk, hie thee to thy charge;
Use careful watch, choose trusty sentinels.

Nor.
I go, my lord.

K. Rich.
Stir with the lark to-morrow, gentle Norfolk.

Nor.
I warrant you, my lord.
[Exit.

K. Rich.
Ratcliff,—

Rat.
My lord?

K. Rich.
Send out a pursuivant at arms
To Stanley's regiment; bid him bring his power
Before sun-rising, lest his son George fall
Into the blind cave of eternal night.—
Fill me a bowl of wine.—Give me a watch8 note







:— [To Catesby.

-- 212 --


Saddle white Surrey for the field to-morrow9 note.—
Look that my staves be sound, and not too heavy1 note

.
Ratcliff,—

Rat.
My lord?

-- 213 --

K. Rich.
Saw'st thou the melancholy lord Northumberland2 note?

Rat.
Thomas the earl of Surrey, and himself,
Much about cock-shut time3 note










, from troop to troop,

-- 214 --


Went through the army, cheering up the soldiers.

K. Rich.
So, I am satisfied. Give me a bowl of wine4 note

:

-- 215 --


I have not that alacrity of spirit5 note,
Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have.—
Set it down.—Is ink and paper ready?

Rat.
It is, my lord.

K. Rich.
Ratcliff, bid my guard watch; leave me.
About the mid of night, come to my tent
And help to arm me.—Leave me, I say.
[King Richard retires into his Tent. Exeunt Ratcliff and Catesby. Richmond's Tent opens, and discovers him and his Officers, &c. Enter Stanley.

Stan.
Fortune and victory sit on thy helm!

Richm.
All comfort that the dark night can afford,
Be to thy person6 note


, noble father-in-law!
Tell me, how fares our loving mother?

Stan.
I, by attorney7 note, bless thee from thy mother,
Who prays continually for Richmond's good:
So much for that.—The silent hours steal on,
And flaky darkness breaks within the east.
In brief, for so the season bids us be,
Prepare thy battle early in the morning;

-- 216 --


And put thy fortune to the arbitrement
Of bloody strokes, and mortal-staring war8 note




,
I, as I may, (that which I would, I cannot,)
With best advantage will deceive the time9 note
,
And aid thee in this doubtful shock of arms:
But on thy side I may not be too forward,
Lest, being seen, thy brother tender George
Be executed1 note

in his father's sight.
Farewell: The leisure and the fearful time

-- 217 --


Cuts off the ceremonious vows of love2 note



,
And ample interchange of sweet discourse,
Which so long sunder'd friends should dwell upon;
God give us leisure for these rites of love!
Once more, adieu:—Be valiant, and speed well!

Richm.
Good lords, conduct him to his regiment:
I'll strive, with troubled thoughts, to take a nap;
Lest leaden slumber3 note
peise me down to-morrow4 note




,
When I should mount with wings of victory:
Once more, good night, kind lords and gentlemen. [Exeunt Lords, &c. with Stanley.
O Thou! whose captain I account myself,
Look on my forces with a gracious eye;
Put in their hands thy bruising irons5 note of wrath,

-- 218 --


That they may crush down with a heavy fall
The usurping helmets of our adversaries!
Make us thy ministers of chastisement,
That we may praise thee in thy victory!
To thee I do commend my watchful soul,
Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes6 note

;
Sleeping, and waking, O, defend me still! [Sleeps. The Ghost7 note














of Prince Edward, Son to Henry the Sixth, rises between the two Tents.

Ghost.
Let me sit heavy on thy soul to-morrow8 note
! [To King Richard.

-- 219 --


Think, how thou stab'dst me in my prime of youth
At Tewksbury; Despair therefore, and die!—

-- 220 --


  Be cheerful, Richmond; for the wronged souls
Of butcher'd princes fight in thy behalf:
King Henry's issue, Richmond, comforts thee. The Ghost of King Henry the Sixth rises.

Ghost.
When I was mortal, my anointed body [To Ring Richard.
By thee was punched full of deadly holes9 note
:
Think on the Tower, and me; Despair, and die;
Harry the sixth bids thee despair and die.—
  Virtuous and holy, be thou conqueror! [To Richmond.
Harry that prophecy'd thou should'st be king1 note

,
Doth comfort thee in thy sleep; Live, and flourish2 note
! The Ghost of Clarence rises.

Ghost.
Let me sit heavy on thy soul to-morrow! [To King Richard.
I, that was wash'd to death with fulsome wine3 note

,

-- 221 --


Poor Clarence, by thy guile betray'd to death!
To-morrow in the battle think on me,
And fall thy edgeless sword4 note

; Despair, and die!—
  Thou offspring of the house of Lancaster, [To Richmond.
The wronged heirs of York do pray for thee;
Good angels guard thy battle! Live and flourish! The Ghosts of Rivers, Grey, and Vaughan, rise.

Riv.
Let me sit heavy on thy soul to-morrow, [To King Richard.
Rivers, that died at Pomfret! Despair, and die!

Grey.
Think upon Grey, and let thy soul despair!
[To King Richard.

Vaugh.
Think upon Vaughan; and, with guilty fear,
Let fall thy lance! Despair, and die!—
[To King Richard.

All.
Awake! and think, our wrongs in Richard's bosom [To Richmond.
Will conquer him;—awake, and win the day!
The Ghost of Hastings rises.

Ghost.
Bloody and guilty, guiltily awake; [To King Richard.

-- 222 --


And in a bloody battle end thy days!
Think on Lord Hastings: and despair, and die!—
  Quiet untroubled soul, awake, awake! [To Richmond.
Arm, fight, and conquer, for fair England's sake! The Ghosts of the Two young Princes rise.

Ghosts.
Dream on thy cousins smother'd in the Tower;
Let us be lead within thy bosom, Richard5 note



,
And weigh thee down to ruin, shame, and death!
Thy nephews' souls bid thee despair, and die.—
  Sleep, Richmond, sleep in peace, and wake in joy;
Good angels guard thee from the boar's annoy!
Live, and beget a happy race of kings!
Edward's unhappy sons do bid thee flourish. The Ghost of Queen Anne rises.

Ghost.
Richard, thy wife, that wretched Anne thy wife,
That never slept a quiet hour with thee6 note

,

-- 223 --


Now fills thy sleep with perturbations:
To-morrow in the battle think on me,
And fall thy edgeless sword; Despair, and die!—
  Thou, quiet soul, sleep thou a quiet sleep; [To Richmond.
Dream of success and happy victory;
Thy adversary's wife doth pray for thee. The Ghost of Buckingham rises.

Ghost.
The first was I, that help'd thee to the crown; [To King Richard.
The last was I that felt thy tyranny:
O, in the battle think on Buckingham,
And die in terror of thy guiltiness!
Dream on, dream on, of bloody deeds and death;
Fainting, despair: despairing, yield thy breath!—
  I died for hope7 note









ere I could lend thee aid: [To Richmond,

-- 224 --


But cheer thy heart, and be thou not dismay'd:
God, and good angels fight on Richmond's side;
And Richard falls in height of all his pride. [The Ghosts vanish. King Richard starts out of his dream.

K. Rich.
Give me another horse8 note,—bind up my wounds,—
Have mercy, Jesu!—Soft; I did but dream.—
O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me!—

-- 225 --


The lights burn blue9 note

.—It is now dead midnight1 note




.
Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh.
What do I fear? myself? there's none else by:
Richard loves Richard; that is, I am I2 note.

-- 226 --


Is there a murderer here? No;—Yes; I am:
Then fly,—What, from myself? Great reason: Why?
Lest I revenge. What? Myself on myself?
Alack! I love myself3 note. Wherefore? for any good,
That I myself have done unto myself?
O, no: alas, I rather hate myself,
For hateful deeds committed by myself.
I am a villain: Yet I lie, I am not.
Fool, of thyself speak well:—Fool, do not flatter.
My conscience hath a thousand several tongues,
And every tongue brings in a several tale,
And every tale condemns me for a villain.
Perjury, perjury, in the high'st degree;
Murder, stern murder, in the dir'st degree;
All several sins, all us'd in each degree,
Throng to the bar, crying all,—Guilty! guilty!
I shall despair.—There is no creature loves me;
And, if I die, no soul will pity me:—
Nay, wherefore should they? since that I myself
Find in myself no pity to myself.
Methought, the souls of all that I had murder'd4 note





-- 227 --


Came to my tent: and every one did threat
To-morrow's vengeance on the head of Richard. Enter Ratcliff.

Rat.
My lord,—

K. Rich.
Who's there?

Rat.
Ratcliff, my lord; 'tis I5 note
. The early village cock
Hath twice done salutation to the morn;
Your friends are up, and buckle on their armour.

K. Rich.
O Ratcliff6 note, I have dream'd a fearful dream!—

-- 228 --


What thinkest thou? will our friends prove all true?

Rat.
No doubt, my lord.

K. Rich.
Ratcliff, I fear, I fear,—

Rat.
Nay, good my lord, be not afraid of shadows.

K. Rich.
By the apostle Paul, shadows to-night
Have struck more terror to the soul of Richard,
Than can the substance of ten thousand soldiers,
Armed in proof, and led by shallow Richmond.
It is not yet near day. Come, go with me;
Under our tents I'll play the eaves-dropper,
To hear, if any mean to shrink from me.
[Exeunt King Richard and Ratcliff. Richmond wakes. Enter Oxford and Others.

Lords.
Good morrow, Richmond.

Richm.
'Cry mercy, lords, and watchful gentlemen,
That you have ta'en a tardy sluggard here.

Lords.
How have you slept, my lord?

Richm.
The sweetest sleep, and fairest-boding dreams,
That ever enter'd in a drowsy head,
Have I since your departure had, my lords.
Methought, their souls, whose bodies Richard murder'd,
Came to my tent, and cried—On! victory!
I promise you, my heart is very jocund
In the remembrance of so fair a dream.
How far into the morning is it, lords?

Lords.
Upon the stroke of four.

Richm.
Why, then 'tis time to arm, and give direction &lblank;. [He advances to the Troops.
More than I have said, loving countrymen,
The leisure and enforcement of the time

-- 229 --


Forbids to dwell on: Yet remember this,—
God, and our good cause, fight upon our side;
The prayers of holy saints, and wronged souls,
Like high-rear'd bulwarks, stand before our faces;
Richard except, those, whom we fight against,
Had rather have us win, than him they follow.
For what is he they follow? truly, gentlemen,
A bloody tyrant, and a homicide;
One rais'd in blood, and one in blood establish'd;
One that made means7 note to come by what he hath,
And slaughter'd those that were the means to help him;
A base foul stone, made precious by the foil
Of England's chair8 note


, where he is falsely set;
One that hath ever been God's enemy:
Then, if you fight against God's enemy,
God will, in justice, ward you as his soldiers;
If you do sweat to put a tyrant down,
You sleep in peace, the tyrant being slain;
If you do fight against your country's foes,
Your country's fat shall pay your pains the hire;
If you do fight in safeguard of your wives,
Your wives shall welcome home the conquerors;

-- 230 --


If you do free your children from the sword,
Your children's children quit9 note

it in your age.
Then, in the name of God, and all these rights,
Advance your standards, draw your willing swords:
For me, the ransom of my bold attempt1 note
Shall be this cold corpse on the earth's cold face;
But if I thrive, the gain of my attempt
The least of you shall share his part thereof.
Sound, drums and trumpets, boldly and cheerfully;
God, and Saint George2 note






! Richmond, and victory! [Exeunt.

-- 231 --

Re-enter King Richard, Ratcliff, Attendants, and Forces.

K. Rich.
What said Northumberland, as touching Richmond?

Rat.
That he was never trained up in arms.

K. Rich.
He said the truth: And what said Surrey then?

Rat.
He smil'd and said, the better for our purpose.

K. Rich.
He was i' the right; and so, indeed, it is. [Clock strikes.
Tell the clock there.—Give me a calendar.—
Who saw the sun to-day?

Rat.
Not I, my lord.

K. Rich.
Then he disdains to shine; for, by the book,
He should have brav'd the east3 note an hour ago:
A black day will it be to somebody.—
Ratcliff,—

Rat.
My lord?

K. Rich.
The sun will not be seen to-day;
The sky doth frown and lour upon our army.
I would, these dewy tears were from the ground.
Not shine to-day! Why, what is that to me,
More than to Richmond? for the self-same heaven,

-- 232 --


That frowns on me, looks sadly upon him. Enter Norfolk.

Nor.
Arm, arm, my lord; the foe vaunts in the field.

K. Rich.
Come, bustle, bustle;—Caparison my horse;—
Call up lord Stanley, bid him bring his power:
I will lead forth my soldiers to the plain,
And thus my battle shall be ordered.
My foreward shall be drawn out all in length4 note

,
Consisting equally of horse and foot;
Our archers shall be placed in the midst:
John duke of Norfolk, Thomas earl of Surrey,
Shall have the leading of this foot and horse.
They thus directed, we will follow5 note
In the main battle; whose puissance on either side
Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse.
This, and Saint George to boot6 note


!—What think'st thou, Norfolk?

-- 233 --

Nor.
A good direction, warlike sovereign.—
This found I on my tent this morning7 note
.
[Giving a Scrowl.

K. Rich.
Jocky of Norfolk, be not too bold8 note, [Reads.
For Dickon thy master9 note






is bought and sold.

-- 234 --


A thing devised by the enemy,—
Go, gentlemen, every man unto his charge:
Let not our babbling dreams1 note affright our souls;
Conscience is but a word2 note that cowards use,
Devis'd at first to keep the strong in awe;
Our strong arms be our conscience, swords our law.
March on, join bravely, let us to't pell-mell;
If not to heaven, then hand in hand to hell3 note



.—
  What shall I say more than I have infer'd?
Remember whom you are to cope withal;—
A sort of vagabonds4 note, rascals, and run-aways,
A scum of Bretagnes, and base lackey peasants,
Whom their o'er-cloyed country vomits forth
To desperate adventures5 note and assur'd destruction.
You sleeping safe, they bring to you unrest6 note
;

-- 235 --


You having lands, and bless'd with beauteous wives,
They would restrain the one7 note, distain the other.
And who doth lead them, but a paltry fellow,
Long kept in Bretagne at our mother's cost8 note



?

-- 236 --


A milk-sop9 note



, one that never in his life
Felt so much cold as over shoes in snow?

-- 237 --


Let's whip these stragglers o'er the seas again;
Lash hence these over-weening rags of France,
These famish'd beggars, weary of their lives;
Who, but for dreaming on this fond exploit,
For want of means, poor rats, had hang'd themselves:
If we be conquer'd, let men conquer us,
And not these bastard Bretagnes; whom our fathers
Have in their own land beaten, bobb'd, and thump'd,
And, on record, left them the heirs of shame.
Shall these enjoy our lands? lie with our wives?
Ravish our daughters?—Hark, I hear their drum. [Drum afar off.
Fight, gentlemen of England! fight, bold yeomen1 note!

-- 238 --


Draw, archers, draw your arrows to the head!
Spur your proud horses hard, and ride in blood;
Amaze the welkin with your broken staves9 note



!— Enter a Messenger.
What says lord Stanley? will he bring his power?

Mess.
My, lord, he doth deny to come.

K. Rich.
Off with his son George's head1 note.

Nor.
My lord, the enemy is pass'd the marsh2 note;
After the battle let George Stanley die.

K. Rich.
A thousand hearts are great within my bosom:
Advance our standards3 note








, set upon our foes;

-- 239 --


Our ancient word of courage, fair Saint George,
Inspire us with the spleen of firy dragons!
Upon them! Victory sits on our helms. [Exeunt.
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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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