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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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SCENE IV. A Part of the Health, with a Hovel. Enter Lear, Kent, and Fool.

Kent.
Here is the place, my lord; good my lord, enter:
The tyranny of the open night's too rough
For nature to endure.
[Storm still.

Lear.
Let me alone.

Kent.
Good my lord, enter here.

Lear.
Wilt break my heart8 note


?

Kent.
I'd rather break mine own: Good my lord, enter.

Lear.
Thou think'st 'tis much, that this contentious* note storm
Invades us to the skin: so 'tis to thee;
But where the greater malady is fix'd,
The lesser is scarce felt9 note


. Thou'dst shun a bear:
But if thy flight lay toward the raging sea1 note

,

-- 148 --


Thou'dst meet the bear i' the mouth. When the mind's free,
The body's delicate: the tempest in my mind
Doth from my senses take all feeling else,
Save what beats there.—Filial ingratitude!
Is it not as this mouth should tear this hand,
For lifting food to't?—But I will punish home:—
No, I will weep no more.—In such a night
To shut me out!—Pour on; I will endure2 note
:—
In such a night as this! O Regan, Goneril!—
Your old kind father, whose frank heart gave you all3 note

,—
O, that way madness lies; let me shun that;
No more of that,—

Kent.
Good my lord, enter here.

Lear.
Pr'ythee, go in thyself; seek thine own ease;
This tempest will not give me leave to ponder
On things would hurt me more.—But I'll go in:

-- 149 --


In, boy; go first4 note.—[To the Fool.] You houseless poverty,—
Nay, get thee in. I'll pray, and then I'll sleep.— [Fool goes in.
Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are,
That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm* note,
How shall your houseless heads, and unfed sides,
Your loop'd and window'd raggedness5 note









, defend you

-- 150 --


From seasons such as these? O, I have ta'en
Too little care of this! Take physick, pomp;
Expose thyself to feel what wretches feel;
That thou may'st shake the superflux to them,
And show the heavens more just6 note






.

Edg. [Within.]
Fathom7 note and half, fathom and half! Poor Tom!
[The Fool runs out from the Hovel.

Fool.
Come not in here, nuncle, here's a spirit.
Help me, help me!

Kent.
Give me thy hand.—Who's there?

Fool.
A spirit, a spirit; he says his name's poor Tom.

Kent.
What art thou that dost grumble there i' the straw?
Come forth.
Enter Edgar, disguised as a Madman.

Edg.
Away! the foul fiend follows me!—
Through the sharp hawthorn blows the cold wind* note.—

-- 151 --


Humph! go to thy cold bed8 note


, and warm thee.

Lear.
Hast thou given all to thy two daughters9 note?
And art thou come to this?

Edg.

Who gives any thing to poor Tom? whom the foul fiend hath led through fire and through flame* note 1 note, through ford and whirlpool, over bog and quagmire; that hath laid knives under his pillow2 note







,

-- 152 --

and halters in his pew; set ratsbane by his porridge; made him proud of heart, to ride on a bay trotting-horse over four-inched bridges, to course his own shadow for a traitor:—Bless thy five wits3 note













!

-- 153 --

Tom's a-cold.—O, do de, do de, do de.—Bless thee from whirlwinds, star-blasting, and taking4 note

! Do
poor Tom some charity, whom the foul fiend vexes: There could I have him now,—and there,—and there,—and there again, and there.

[Storm continues.

Lear.
What, have his daughters brought him to this pass?—
Could'st thou save nothing? Did'st thou give them all?

Fool.

Nay, he reserved a blanket, else we had been all shamed.

Lear.
Now, all the plagues that in the pendulous air
Hang fated o'er men's faults5 note



, light on thy daughters!

Kent.
He hath no daughters, sir.

Lear.
Death, traitor! nothing could have subdu'd nature
To such a lowness, but his unkind daughters.—
Is it the fashion, that discarded fathers
Should have thus little mercy on their flesh?
Judicious punishment! 'twas this flesh begot
Those pelican daughters6 note



.

-- 154 --

Edg.
Pillicock sat6 note

on pillicock's-hill;—
Halloo, halloo, loo, loo!

Fool.

This cold night will turn us all to fools and madmen.

Edg.

Take heed o' the foul fiend: Obey thy parents; keep thy word justly7 note; swear not; commit not8 note
with man's sworn spouse; set not thy sweet
heart on proud array: Tom's a-cold.

Lear.

What hast thou been?

Edg.

A serving-man, proud in heart and mind; that curled my hair9 note

; wore gloves in my cap1 note



, served

-- 155 --

the lust of my mistress's heart, and did the act of darkness with her; swore as many oaths as I spake words, and broke them in the sweet face of heaven: one, that slept in the contriving of lust, and waked to do it: Wine loved I deeply; dice dearly; and in woman, out-paramoured the Turk: False of heart, light of ear2 note, bloody of hand; Hog in sloth, fox in stealth, wolf in greediness3 note, dog in madness, lion

-- 156 --

in prey. Let not the creaking of shoes, nor the rustling of silks, betray thy poor heart to women: Keep thy foot out of brothels, thy hand out of plackets4 note

, thy pen from lenders' books5 note


, and defy the foul fiend.—Still through the hawthorn blows the cold wind: Says suum, mun, ha no nonny, dolphin my boy, my boy, sessa; let him trot by6 note











.

[Storm still continues.

-- 157 --

Lear.

Why, thou were better in thy grave, than to answer with thy uncovered body this extremity

-- 158 --

of the skies.—Is man no more than this? Consider him well: Thou owest the worm no silk, the beast no hide, the sheep no wool, the cat no perfume:— Ha! here's three of us are sophisticated!—Thou art the thing itself: unaccommodated man is no more but such a poor, bare, forked animal as thou art.—Off, off, you lendings:—Come; unbutton here7 note

.—

[Tearing off his clothes.

Fool.

Pr'ythee, nuncle, be contented; this is a naughty night to swim in8 note



.—Now a little fire in a wild field were like an old lecher's heart9 note



; a small

-- 159 --

spark, all the rest of his body cold.—Look, here comes a walking fire.

Edg.

This is the foul fiend Flibbertigibbet1 note





: he
begins at curfew, and walks till the first cock2 note








; he
gives the web and the pin3 note

, squints the eye, and

-- 160 --

makes the hare-lip; mildews the white wheat, and hurts the poor creature of earth.



Saint Withold footed thrice the wold;
He met the night-mare, and her nine-fold;
  Bid her alight,
  And her troth plight,
And, aroint thee, witch, aroint thee4 note


























!

-- 161 --

Kent.

How fares your grace?

Enter Gloster, with a Torch.

Lear.

What's he?

-- 162 --

Kent.

Who's there? What is't you seek?

Glo.

What are you there? Your names?

Edg.

Poor Tom; that eats the swimming frog, the toad, the tadpole, the wall-newt, and the water5 note; that in the fury of his heart, when the foul fiend rages, eats cow-dung for sallets; swallows the old rat, and the ditch-dog; drinks the green mantle of the standing pool; who is whipped from tything to tything6 note, and stocked, punished, and imprisoned7 note; who hath had three suits to his back,

-- 163 --

six shirts to his body, horse to ride, and weapon to wear,—



But mice, and rats, and such small deer,
Have been Tom's food for seven long year8 note





.
Beware my follower:—Peace, Smolkin; peace9 note, thou fiend!

Glo.
What, hath your grace no better company?

Edg.
The prince of darkness is a gentleman1 note;
Modo he's call'd, and Mahu2 note



.

-- 164 --

Glo.
Our flesh and blood, my lord, is grown so vile,
That it doth hate what gets it.

Edg.
Poor Tom's a-cold.

Glo.
Go in with me; my duty cannot suffer3 note
To obey in all your daughters' hard commands:
Though their injunction be to bar my doors,
And let this tyrannous night take hold upon you;
Yet have I ventur'd to come seek you out,
And bring you where both fire and food is ready.

Lear.
First let me talk with this philosopher:—
What is the cause of thunder?

Kent.
Good my lord, take his offer;
Go into the house.

Lear.
I'll talk a word with this same learned* note Theban4 note:—
What is your study?

Edg.
How to prevent the fiend, and to kill vermin.

Lear.
Let me ask you one word in private.

Kent.
Impórtune him once more to go, my lord,
His wits begin to unsettle5 note


.

-- 165 --

Glo.
Can'st thou blame him?
His daughters seek his death:—Ah, that good Kent!—
He said it would be thus:—Poor banish'd man!—
Thou say'st, the king grows mad; I'll tell thee, friend,
I am almost mad myself: I had a son,
Now outlaw'd from my blood; he sought my life,
But lately, very late; I lov'd him, friend,—
No father his son dearer: true to tell thee, [Storm continues.
The grief hath craz'd my wits. What a night's this!
I do beseech your grace,—

Lear.
O, cry you mercy,
Noble philosopher, your company.

Edg.
Tom's a-cold.

Glo.
In fellow, there, to the hovel: keep thee warm.

Lear.
Come, let's in all.

Kent.
This way, my lord.

Lear.
With him;
I will keep still with my philosopher.

Kent.
Good my lord, sooth him; let him take the fellow.

Glo.
Take him you on.

Kent.
Sirrah, come on; go along with us.

Lear.
Come, good Athenian.

Glo.
No words, no words:
Hush.

-- 166 --


Edg.
Child Rowland to the dark tower came6 note


















,
  His word was still,—Fie, foh, and fum,
    I smell the blood of a British man. [Exeunt.

-- 167 --

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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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