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James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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SCENE IV. Before Gloster's Castle7 note

. Enter Lear, Fool, and Gentleman.

Lear.
'Tis strange, that they should so depart from home,
And not send back my messenger.

-- 107 --

Gent.
As I learn'd,
The night before there was no purpose in them
Of this remove.

Kent.
Hail to thee, noble master!

Lear.
How!
Mak'st thou this shame thy pastime?

Kent.
No, my lord8 note.

Fool.

Ha, ha; look! he wears cruel garters9 note









!

-- 108 --

Horses are tied by the head; dogs, and bears, by the neck; monkies by the loins, and men by the legs: when a man is over-lusty1 note




at legs, then he wears wooden nether-stocks2 note







.

Lear.
What's he, that hath so much thy place mistook
To set thee here?

Kent.
It is both he and she,
Your son and daughter.

Lear.
No.

-- 109 --

Kent.
Yes.

Lear.
No, I say.

Kent.
I say, yea.

Lear.3 note
No, no; they would not.

Kent.
Yes, they have.

Lear.
By Jupiter, I swear no.

Kent.
By Juno, I swear, ay4 note.

Lear.
They durst not do't;
They could not, would not do't; 'tis worse than murder,
To do upon respect such violent outrage5 note




:
Resolve me, with all modest haste, which way
Thou might'st deserve, or they impose, this usage,
Coming from us.

Kent.
My lord, when at their home
I did commend your highness' letters to them,
Ere I was risen from the place that show'd
My duty kneeling, came there a reeking post,
Stew'd in his haste, half breathless, panting forth
From Goneril his mistress, salutations;
Deliver'd letters, spite of intermission6 note



,

-- 110 --


Which presently they read: on whose contents,
They summon'd up their meiny7 note








, straight took horse;
Commanded me to follow, and attend
The leisure of their answer; gave me cold looks:

-- 111 --


And meeting here the other messenger,
Whose welcome, I perceiv'd, had poison'd mine,
(Being the very fellow that of late
Display'd so saucily against your highness,)
Having more man than wit about me, drew8 note


;
He rais'd the house with loud and coward cries:
Your son and daughter found this trespass worth
The shame which here it suffers.

Fool.
Winter's not gone yet9 note

, if the wild geese fly that way.



Fathers, that wear rags,
  Do make their children blind;
But fathers, that bear bags,
  Shall see their children kind.
Fortune, that arrant whore,
Ne'er turns the key to the poor.—

But, for all this, thou shalt have as many dolours1 note

for thy daughters2 note, as thou can'st tell in a year.

-- 112 --

Lear.
O, how this mother3 note

swells up toward my heart!
Hysterica passio! down, thou climbing sorrow,
Thy element's below!—Where is this daughter?

Kent.
With the earl, sir, here within.

Lear.
Follow me not;
Stay here.
[Exit.

Gent.
Made you no more offence than what you speak of?

Kent.
None.
How chance the king comes with so small a train?

Fool.

An thou hadst been set i' the stocks for that question, thou hadst well deserved it.

-- 113 --

Kent.

Why, fool?

Fool.

We'll set thee to school to an ant4 note

, to teach thee there's no labouring in the winter. All that follow their noses are led by their eyes, but blind men; and there's not a nose among twenty, but can smell him that's stinking5 note



. Let go thy
hold, when a great wheel runs down a hill, lest it

-- 114 --

break thy neck with following it; but the great one that goes up the hill, let him draw thee after. When a wise man gives thee6 note better counsel, give me mine again: I would have none but knaves follow it, since a fool gives it.



That, sir, which serves and seeks for gain,
  And follows but for form,
Will pack, when it begins to rain,
  And leave thee in the storm.

But I will tarry; the fool will stay,
  And let7 note





the wise man fly:
The knave turns fool, that runs away;
  The fool no knave, perdy.

Kent.
Where learn'd you this, fool?

Fool.
Not i' the stocks, fool.
Re-enter Lear, with Gloster.

Lear.
Deny to speak with me? They are sick? they are weary?

-- 115 --


They have travell'd hard to-night? Mere fetches8 note
;
The images of revolt and flying off!
Fetch me a better answer.

Glo.
My dear lord,
You know the fiery quality of the duke;
How unremoveable and fix'd he is
In his own course.

Lear.
Vengeance! plague! death! confusion!—
Fiery? what quality* note? Why, Gloster, Gloster,
I'd speak with the duke of Cornwall, and his wife.

Glo.
Well, my good lord9 note, I have inform'd them so.

Lear.
Inform'd them! Dost thou understand me, man?

Glo.
Ay, my good lord.

Lear.
The king would speak with Cornwall; the dear father
Would with his daughter speak, commands her service:
Are they inform'd of this1 note?—My breath and blood!—
Fiery? the fiery duke?—Tell the hot duke, that2 note
No, but not yet:—may be, he is not well:
Infirmity doth still neglect all office,
Whereto our health is bound; we are not ourselves,
When nature, being oppress'd, commands the mind
To suffer with the body: I'll forbear;
And am fallen out with my more headier will,

-- 116 --


To take the indispos'd and sickly fit
For the sound man.—Death on my state! wherefore [Looking on Kent.
Should he sit here? This act persuades me3 note
,
That this remotion4 note of the duke and her
Is practice only5 note. Give me my servant forth:
Go, tell the duke and his wife, I'd speak with them,
Now, presently: bid them come forth and hear me,
Or at their chamber door I'll beat the drum,
Till it cry—Sleep to death6 note



.

Glo.

I'd have all well betwixt you.

[Exit.

Lear.

O me, my heart, my rising heart!—but, down.

Fool.

Cry to it, nuncle, as the cockney7 note









did to

-- 117 --

the eels, when she put them i' the paste8 note

alive;
she rapp'd 'em9 note

o' the coxcombs with a stick, and

-- 118 --

cry'd, Down, wantons, down: 'Twas her brother, that, in pure kindness to his horse, buttered his hay.

Enter Cornwall, Regan, Gloster, and Servants.

Lear.
Good morrow to you both.

Corn.
Hail to your grace!
[Kent is set at Liberty.

Reg.
I am glad to see your highness.

Lear.
Regan, I think you are; I know what reason
I have to think so: if thou should'st not be glad,
I would divorce me from thy mother's tomb,
Sepúlch'ring1 note

an adultress.—O, are you free? [To Kent.
Some other time for that.—Beloved Regan,
Thy sister's naught: O Regan, she hath tied
Sharp-tooth'd unkindness, like a vulture, here2 note
,— [Points to his Heart.
I can scarce speak to thee; thou'lt not believe,
Of how deprav'd a quality3 note
—O Regan!

Reg.
I pray you, sir, take patience; I have hope,
You less know how to value her desert,
Than she to scant her duty4 note











.

-- 119 --

Lear.
Say5 note, how is that?

Reg.
I cannot think, my sister in the least

-- 120 --


Would fail her obligation: If, sir, perchance,
She have restrain'd the riots of your followers,
'Tis on such ground, and to such wholesome end,
As clears her from all blame.

Lear.
My curses on her!

Reg.
O, sir, you are old;
Nature in you stands on the very verge
Of her confíne: you should be rul'd, and led
By some discretion, that discerns your state
Better than you yourself: Therefore, I pray you,
That to our sister you do make return;
Say, you have wrong'd her, sir5 note.

Lear.
Ask her forgiveness?
Do you but mark how this becomes the house6 note



?

-- 121 --


Dear daughter, I confess that I am old;
Age is unnecessary7 note




: on my knees I beg, [Kneeling.
That you'll vouchsafe me raiment, bed, and food.

Reg.
Good sir, no more; these are unsightly tricks:
Return you to my sister.

Lear.
Never, Regan:
She hath abated me of half my train;
Look'd black upon me8 note



; struck me with her tongue,

-- 122 --


Most serpent-like, upon the very heart:—
All the stor'd vengeances of heaven fall
On her ingrateful top! Strike her young bones,
You taking airs, with lameness!

Corn.
Fye, fye, fye!

Lear.
You nimble lightnings, dart your blinding flames
Into her scornful eyes! Infect her beauty,
You fen-suck'd fogs, drawn by the powerful sun,
To fall and blast her pride9 note





!

Reg.
O the blest gods!
So will you wish on me, when the rash mood is on1 note

.

-- 123 --

Lear.
No, Regan, thou shalt never have my curse;
Thy tender-hefted nature2 note


shall not give
Thee o'er to harshness; her eyes are fierce, but thine
Do comfort, and not burn3 note






: 'Tis not in thee
To grudge my pleasures, to cut off my train,
To bandy hasty words, to scant my sizes4 note



,
And, in conclusion, to oppose the bolt

-- 124 --


Against my coming in: thou better know'st
The offices of nature, bond of childhood,
Effects of courtesy, dues of gratitude;
Thy half o' the kingdom hast thou not forgot,
Wherein I thee endow'd.

Reg.
Good sir, to the purpose.
[Trumpets within.

Lear.
Who put my man i' the stocks?

Corn.
What trumpet's that?
Enter Steward.

Reg.
I know't, my sister's5 note


: this approves her letter,
That she would soon be here.—Is your lady come?

Lear.
This is a slave, whose easy-borrow'd pride
Dwells in the fickle grace of her he follows:—
Out, varlet, from my sight!

Corn.
What means your grace?

Lear.
Who stock'd my servant? Regan, I have good hope
Thou didst not know of't.—Who comes here? O heavens,

-- 125 --

Enter Goneril.
If you do love old men, if your sweet sway
Allow obedience6 note
, if yourselves are old7 note


,
Make it your cause; send down, and take my part!—
Art not asham'd to look upon this beard?— [To Goneril.
O, Regan, wilt thou take her by the hand?

Gon.
Why not by the hand, sir? How have I offended?
All's not offence, that indiscretion finds8 note


,
And dotage terms so.

Lear.
O, sides, you are too tough!

-- 126 --


Will you yet hold?—How came my man i' the stocks?

Corn.
I set him there, sir: but his own disorders
Deserv'd much less advancement9 note



.

Lear.
You! did you?

Reg.
I pray you, father, being weak, seem so1 note.
If, till the expiration of your month,
You will return and sojourn with my sister,
Dismissing half your train, come then to me;
I am now from home, and out of that provision
Which shall be needful for your entainment.

Lear.
Return to her, and fifty men dismiss'd?
No, rather I abjure all roofs, and choose
To wage against the enmity o' the air;
To be a comrade with the wolf and owl,—
Necessity's sharp pinch2 note




!—Return with her?
Why, the hot-blooded France, that dowerless took
Our youngest born, I could as well be brought

-- 127 --


To knee his throne, and, squire-like, pension beg
To keep base life3 note afoot:—Return with her?
Persuade me rather to be slave and sumpter4 note






To this detested groom. [Looking on the Steward.

Gon.
At your choice, sir.

Lear.
I pr'ythee, daughter, do not make me mad;
I will not trouble thee, my child; farewell:
We'll no more meet, no more see one another:—
But yet thou art my flesh5 note
, my blood, my daughter;
Or, rather, a disease that's in my flesh* note,
Which I must needs call mine: thou art a boil6 note

,
A plague-sore7 note, an embossed carbuncle8 note



,

-- 128 --


In my corrupted blood. But I'll not chide thee;
Let shame come when it will, I do not call it:
I do not bid the thunder-bearer shoot,
Nor tell tales of thee to high-judging Jove:
Mend, when thou canst; be better, at thy leisure:
I can be patient; I can stay with Regan,
I, and my hundred knights.

Reg.
Not altogether so, sir;
I look'd not for you yet, nor am provided
For your fit welcome: Give ear, sir, to my sister;
For those that mingle reason with your passion,
Must be content to think you old, and so—
But she knows what she does.

Lear.
Is this well spoken now?

Reg.
I dare avouch it, sir: What, fifty followers?
Is it not well? What should you need of more?
Yea, or so many? sith that both charge and danger
Speak 'gainst so great a number? How, in one house,
Should many people, under two commands,
Hold amity? 'Tis hard; almost impossible.

Gon.
Why might not you, my lord, receive attendance
From those that she calls servants, or from mine?

Reg.
Why not, my lord? If then they chanc'd to slack you,
We could control them: If you will come to me,
(For now I spy a danger,) I entreat you
To bring but five and twenty: to no more
Will I give place, or notice.

Lear.
I gave you all—

Reg.
And in good time you gave it.

Lear.
Made you my guardians, my depositaries;
But kept a reservation to be follow'd

-- 129 --


With such a number: What, must I come to you
With five and twenty, Regan? said you so?

Reg.
And speak it again, my lord; no more with me.

Lear.
Those wicked creatures yet do look well-favour'd,
When others are more wicked9 note









; not being the worst,
Stands in some rank of praise:—I'll go with thee; [To Goneril.
Thy fifty yet doth double five and twenty,
And thou art twice her love.

Gon.
Hear me, my lord;
What need you five and twenty, ten, or five,
To follow in a house, where twice so many
Have a command to tend you?

Reg.
What need one?

Lear.
O, reason not the need: our basest beggars
Are in the poorest thing superfluous:
Allow not nature more than nature needs,
Man's life is cheap as beast's: thou art a lady;
If only to go warm were gorgeous,
Why, nature needs not what thou gorgeous wear'st,

-- 130 --


Which scarcely keeps thee warm.—But, for true need,—
You heavens, give me that patience, patience I need1 note



!
You see me here, you gods, a poor old man2 note,
As full of grief as age; wretched in both!
If it be you that stir these daughters' hearts
Against their father, fool me not so much
To bear it tamely; touch me with noble anger!
O, let not women's weapons, water-drops,
Stain my man's cheeks!—No, you unnatural hags,
I will have such revenges on you both,
That all the world shall—I will do such things,—
What they are, yet I know not3 note








; but they shall be
The terrors of the earth. You think, I'll weep;
No, I'll not weep:—

-- 131 --


I have full cause of weeping; but this heart
Shall break into a hundred thousand flaws* note 4 note



,
Or ere I'll weep:—O, fool, I shall go mad! [Exeunt Lear, Gloster, Kent, and Fool.

Corn.
Let us withdraw, 'twill be a storm.
[Storm heard at a Distance.

Reg.
This house
Is little; the old man and his people cannot
Be well bestow'd.

Gon.
'Tis his own blame; hath put himself from rest5 note,
And must needs taste his folly.

Reg.
For his particular, I'll receive him gladly,
But not one follower.

Gon.
So am I purpos'd.
Where is my lord of Gloster?
Re-enter Gloster.

Corn.
Follow'd the old man forth:—he is return'd.

Glo.
The king is in high rage.

Corn.
Whither is he going?

-- 132 --

Glo.
He calls to horse6 note
; but will I know not whither.

Corn.
'Tis best to give him way; he leads himself.

Gon.
My lord, entreat him by no means to stay.

Glo.
Alack, the night comes on, and the bleak winds* note
Do sorely ruffle7 note

; for many miles about
There's scarce a bush† note.

Reg.
O, sir, to wilful men,
The injuries, that they themselves procure,
Must be their schoolmasters: Shut up your doors;
He is attended with a desperate train;
And what they may incense him to8 note, being apt
To have his ear abus'd, wisdom bids fear.

Corn.
Shut up your doors, my lord; 'tis a wild night;
My Regan counsels well: come out o' the storm.
[Exeunt.

-- 133 --

Previous section


James Boswell [1821], The plays and poems of William Shakspeare, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators: comprehending A Life of the Poet, and an enlarged history of the stage, by the late Edmond Malone. With a new glossarial index (J. Deighton and Sons, Cambridge) [word count] [S10201].
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